Improving ROP management: insights from a comparative analysis of screening and treatment modalities in a tertiary hospital, Pakistan.

Background: The principal objective of our study is to evaluate the characteristics of babies with type 1 ROP, screening practices and treatment trends in a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.

Methods: This prospective study at Mayo Hospital, Lahore (July 2022-July 2024), included 89 preterm infants with type 1 ROP, selected using non-probability sampling. Infants were categorized based on international (GA < 32weeks or BW < 1500 g) and local screening criteria (GA < 35 weeks or BW < 2000 g), and treatment outcomes were evaluated across three groups: Anti-VEGF, combination therapy (Anti-VEGF followed by laser), and laser therapy.

Complications of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine as an early warning sign of inborn errors of immunity: a report of 197 patients.

Background: According to the WHO's recommendation for developing countries, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been implemented in some countries as part of national vaccination programs at birth. Although it is generally considered safe, some complications may occur; including BCGitis (local) or BCGosis (systemic), ranging from mild like local abscesses to fatal impediments like osteomyelitis and disseminated BCG infection. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in BCG-vaccinated neonates experiencing local or systemic complications.

Effect of Air Pollutants and Environmental Noise on the Childhood Asthma Prevalence in Tehran, Iran.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollutants and noise on the prevalence of childhood asthma in Tehran, Iran. The standardized questionnaire was completed by one of the parents of children aged 6-7 years or by adolescents aged 13-14 years. The asthma prevalence in ages 6-7 and 13-14 was found to be 8.

Pressure-dependent band gap engineering with structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of CsPbBr: first-principles calculations.

Context: In the renewable industry, pressure-dependent CsPbBr perovskite has a lot of potential due to its exceptional properties. Present work revealed the mechanical stability of CsPbBr between 0 to 50 GPa. The bandgap of unstressed CsPbBr is 2.

Assessment of eye health programme reach by comparison with rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey data, Talagang, Pakistan.

Background: The purpose of this study was to quantify how much of the burden of visual impairment (VI) and unmet need in Talagang, identified by Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey data, has been addressed by Community Eye Health (CEH) programme efforts.

Methods: A RAAB survey was carried out in November 2018, with 2,824 participants in Talagang Tehsil, Punjab, Pakistan, aged 50 and over. Census data were used to extrapolate survey data to the population.

Health transition and eye care policy planning for people with diabetic retinopathy in south Asia.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), associated systemic disorders, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and current health policies in south Asian countries were analysed to assess country-specific preparedness to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The south Asian countries were classified by human development index, socio-demographic index, multidimensional poverty indices, and eye health resources for epidemiological resource-level analysis. In south Asia, the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed T2D in adults aged 40 years or above, was higher in Pakistan (26.

Physiological and pathological roles of the thymus and value of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a well-elucidated autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction. Given the relationship between MG and thymic pathologies, with T cell and antibody-mediated pathogenesis, surgical (i.e.

Exploration of the pearl millet phospholipase gene family to identify potential candidates for grain quality traits.

Background: Phospholipases constitute a diverse category of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of phospholipids. Their involvement in signal transduction with a pivotal role in plant development and stress responses is well documented.

Results: In the present investigation, a thorough genome-wide analysis revealed that the pearl millet genome contains at least 44 phospholipase genes distributed across its 7 chromosomes, with chromosome one harbouring the highest number of these genes.

Clinical Presentation of Carotid-Cavernous Fistula and Outcomes of Endovascular Balloon Embolization.

Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation of carotico-cavernous fistula (CCF) and outcomes of endovascular balloon embolization in a tertiary care center in a developing country.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective interventional case series included 18 patients who underwent endovascular balloon embolization from 2019 to 2022 at Lahore General Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. The analyzed data consisted of age, gender, cause and type of CCF, clinical presentation, diagnostic technique used, intervention, and the results of two-month follow-up.

Prevalence of Diabetes, Ketosis, and Ketoacidosis and Their Correlation With Mortality in Critical COVID-19 Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Aim We aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetes, ketosis, and ketoacidosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients and to explore the clinical impact of the development of ketosis and ketoacidosis on the outcome of COVID-19 critically ill patients and identify them as potential risk factors for these patients. Methods We collected data on COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) retrospectively. The study population will be classified into two groups based on the presence of diabetes or ketosis.

Perceived usefulness of medical teachers towards online learning using technology acceptance model.

Objective: To determine medical teachers' acceptance of and attitude towards online learning, and to gather their recommendations about how it can be incorporated in the educational system.

Methods: The mixed method study was conducted at Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, Pakistan, from August 2021 to January 2022, and comprised medical teachers involved in online teaching during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Quantitative data was gathered using an online questionnaire based on the technology acceptance model.

Enhancing Oral Hygiene in Children With Hearing Impairment: The Impact of Skit Video Interventions -A Randomized Controlled Trial.

. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of 3 interventions-skit video, pictorial, and sign language-in improving the oral hygiene of children with hearing impairment. .

Facile synthesis of multi-phase (Si+SiO)@C anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

To bring about a revolution in energy storage through Li-ion batteries, it is crucial to develop a scalable preparation method for Si-based composite anodes. However, the severe volume expansion and poor ionic transport properties of Si-based composites present significant challenges. Previous research focused on SiO and nano Si/C composites to address these issues.

Comparative investigations of electronic, mechanical and optical responses of Ra-doping in Barium Titanate for optoelectronic applications: A computational insight.

This unique study examined the theoretical pure BaTiO and doped Ra (BaRaTiO) impact on electronic, mechanical and optical responses were using Heydscuseria-Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional (HSE06) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) with norm-converging pseudopotential approaches in the density functional theory. Computed the lattice constant and bond lengths for pure (BaTiO) and doped atoms as well as explored the changes of consequences of electronic, mechanical and optical responses. The calculated values indicate the BaTiO is an indirect characteristic and an optically inactive nature.

Investigation of structural, mechanical, electronic and optical responses of Ga doped aluminum arsenide for optoelectronic applications: By first principles.

Owing to the rapidly increasing performance of ternary semiconductors; Aluminium Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs; x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.

Clinical Patterns And Outcomes Of Retinoblastoma In A Tertiary Care Centre Of A Developing Country.

A retrospective study was conducted for which records of patients with Retinoblastoma (RB), treated at Lahore General Hospital between 2017 and 2021, were retrieved on February 1, 2022. Staging of RB, neuroimaging, RetCam images, and treatment were analysed. The study included 47 patients (22 females and 25 males).

First-principle calculations to investigate structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermodynamic features of promising (La, In)-doped AlSb for optoelectronic applications.

Context: A remarkable change in lattice parameters and bulk modulus is achieved by the suitable addition of Al (Al La Sb) and In (Al In Sb) atoms in the AlSb compound. Electronic responses like band structure, the total partial density of states, and the elemental density of states are thoroughly investigated. The computed values indicate that the binary compound AlSb is an indirect band gap and an optically inactive response.

A Comprehensive Review on L. with Special Reference to Unani Medicine.

L., commonly known as Ḥulba or Methi in Unani medicine, is an annual self-pollinating plant belonging to the family. It has been utilized for centuries to treat a wide range of diseases, and modern research has supported its traditional medicinal claims.

The Association of Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors with the Oral Health Status in School-Age Children from Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The data on how lifestyle factors of school-going children affect their oral health are not sufficient; therefore, there is a need to analyze the adverse effects of poor lifestyle habits and the role of mothers' education on oral health. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with the oral health status of school-going children through a structured questionnaire and oral examination. Ninety-five (26.

Ophthalmology foundation Ophthalmic Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric (OSCAR) for pterygium surgery.

Background: Pterygium surgery is a procedure commonly performed by ophthalmologists. Valid, objective methods are needed to assess competence in this procedure.

Methods: A panel of 5 specialists consisting of members from different regions of the world including Pakistan, United States, Iran, Mongolia and Peru was formed to create a rubric for assessment of pterygium surgery by residents.