Dual detection of Neoehrlichia mikurensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum: How biplex PCR led in France to the diagnosis of neoehrlichiosis in post-tick bite fever.

Objectives: Neoehrlichia mikurensis (NM) is an emerging intracellular bacterium member of the Anaplasmatacecae family. So far, only four cases have been described in France, all of them retrospectively.

Methods: This study describes two new cases of NM discovered following implementation of a biplex PCR targeting both Anaplasma and NM.

Nosocomial Coronavirus Disease 2019 during 2020-2021: Role of Architecture and Ventilation.

Nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major airborne health threat for inpatients. Architecture and ventilation are key elements to prevent nosocomial COVID-19 (NC), but real-life data are challenging to collect. We aimed to retrospectively assess the impact of the type of ventilation and the ratio of single/double rooms on the risk of NC (acquisition of COVID-19 at least 48 h after admission).

Clinical features and outcomes in adults with COVID-19 during the pre-Omicron and Omicron waves.

Objectives: We conducted a single-center retrospective study to compare patient characteristics and death rates during the Omicron (O, December 01, 2021, to September 30, 2022) and pre-Omicron (PO, March 01, 1920, to October 31, 2021) periods.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 2932 patients (1242 (O) and 1690 (PO)) hospitalized (>24 h) with laboratory-confirmed COVID.

Results: Compared to the PO period, O period patients were less frequently men, had a lower body mass index and fewer comorbidities except for immunosuppression and pregnancy.

Severe acute herpes virus type 2 primo-infection and its association with anti-type 1 interferon autoantibodies.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common cause of infection, which is usually self-limited and asymptomatic. A 71-year-old patient with HSV-2 primo-infection developed acute hepatitis and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The patient had high levels of autoantibodies against type I interferon (IFN) (> 1000 ng/mL), neutralizing high concentration (10 ng/mL) of both IFN-α and IFN-ω but not IFN-β.

Characteristic and outcome changes in inpatients with COVID-19 during the four pre - Omicron waves.

Background: Four waves of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in France between March 2020 and September 2021. COVID-19 inpatient characteristics change because of the influence of numerous parameters, especially immunization and circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) variants.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study analyzed patients with laboratory-proven COVID-19 admitted from 1/3/2020 to 30/6/2020 (wave one), 1/7/2020 to 31/12/2020 (wave two), 1/1/2021 to 30/6/2021 (wave three), and 1/7/2021 to 30/11/2021 (wave four).

Impact of Different Anthropogenic Environments on Ticks and Tick-Associated Pathogens in Alsace, a French Region Highly Endemic for Tick-Borne Diseases.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases have spread over the last decades. In parallel, the incidence in humans, accidental hosts for most of these zoonotic diseases, has increased. This epidemiological intensification can be associated with anthropogenic alterations of forest ecosystems and animal biodiversity, but also with socioeconomic changes.

Evolution of baseline characteristics and severe outcomes in COVID-19 inpatients during the first and second waves in Northeastern France.

Objectives: Two COVID-19 epidemic waves occurred in France in 2020. This single-center retrospective study compared patients' characteristics and outcomes.

Patients And Methods: We included all patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Colmar Hospital in March (n=600) and October/November (n=205) 2020.

Predictors of mortality, ICU hospitalization, and extrapulmonary complications in COVID-19 patients.

Objective: A major coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in Northeastern France in spring 2020. This single-center retrospective observational cohort study aimed to compare patients with severe COVID-19 and those with non-severe COVID-19 (survivors vs. non-survivors, ICU patients vs.

Spinal cord toxoplasmosis in a young immunocompetent patient.

We report a case of spinal cord toxoplasmosis occurring as a primary infection in a 31-year-old immunocompetent man. Exhaustive immunologic and genetic investigations did not identify any immunodeficiency. The causative agent was a typical type 2 strain.

Acute renal failure related to high doses of acyclovir (15 mg/kg/8 h) during treatment of varicella zoster virus encephalitis.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is less susceptible than herpes simplex virus to acyclovir. The optimal acyclovir regimen during VZV encephalitis remains unknown. We report two cases of acute renal failure after an increase in acyclovir dosage from 10 mg to 15 mg/kg/8 h during the treatment of VZV encephalitis according to French guidelines.

Analysis of delays in the prescription of oseltamivir in hospitals and potential for improvement.

Objectives: Patients hospitalized for influenza should receive early treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the prescription of oseltamivir during the 2016-2017 influenza epidemic among patients hospitalized for influenza confirmed by RT-PCR in the infectious disease department.

Results: Treatment with oseltamivir was initiated as recommended in 96% of hospitalized patients presenting with influenza.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy after Treatment with Nivolumab.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is increasingly being reported in patients undergoing immunotherapy. We report a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with nivolumab, a PD-1 blocker that is used to restore impaired T-cell responses in patients with cancer and infections. Data for 4 other cases were obtained from pharmacovigilance databases.

Cerebrospinal fluid monocytes in bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, and neuroborreliosis.

Objective: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytes analysis is commonly used to diagnose meningitis and to differentiate bacterial from viral meningitis. Interpreting CSF monocytes can be difficult for physicians, especially in France where lymphocytes and monocytes results are sometimes pooled.

Patients And Methods: We assessed SF monocytes in patients presenting with microbiologically confirmed meningitis (CSF leukocyte count>10/mm for adults or >30/mm for children<2 months), i.

Dolutegravir reshapes the genetic diversity of HIV-1 reservoirs.

Objectives: Better understanding of the dynamics of HIV reservoirs under ART is a critical step to achieve a functional HIV cure. Our objective was to assess the genetic diversity of archived HIV-1 DNA over 48 weeks in blood cells of individuals starting treatment with a dolutegravir-based regimen.

Methods: Eighty blood samples were prospectively and longitudinally collected from 20 individuals (NCT02557997) including: acutely (n = 5) and chronically (n = 5) infected treatment-naive individuals, as well as treatment-experienced individuals who switched to a dolutegravir-based regimen and were either virologically suppressed (n = 5) or had experienced treatment failure (n = 5).

Risk factors for invasive pasteurellosis: a retrospective case study.

Pasteurellosis is a frequent zoonosis mainly transmitted by cats and dogs. Invasive forms of pasteurellosis are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study aimed to highlight risk factors (RFs) for invasive pasteurellosis.

Contribution of systematic RT-PCR screening for influenza during the epidemic season.

Objective: We assessed the systematic RT-PCR screening of patients admitted to an infectious diseases department (IDD), during the 2012-2013 influenza outbreak.

Methodology: Patients admitted with cough and fever underwent a nasopharyngeal smear for RT-PCR screening.

Results: Ninety-eight patients were admitted in the IDD, from January 1st to February 22nd, 46 were screened; 11 male and 6 female patients (17.

[Inadequate vaccination coverage in a French cohort of HIV positive patients].

Introduction: HIV patients have a high rate of infectious complications. Vaccination, though less efficient in case of severe immunosuppression, can prevent some of these infections. Since 2006, new vaccine recommendations have been elaborated in France.

[Macroenzymes: macro-ASAT and macro-CPK. Two cases and literature review].

Introduction: Macroenzymes are high molecular weight complex formed by the binding of one enzyme and a serum macromolecule, responsible for an increase in the activity of the corresponding enzyme in blood assay.

Case Reports: We report two cases: firstly, a macro-aspartate aminotransferase (macro-ASAT) discovered in an 82-year-old woman who presented with an isolated and persistent elevation of the ASAT activity that was discovered after sepsis, secondly, a macro-creatine-kinase (macro-CPK) diagnosed in a 62-year-old man after several years of investigations for a persistent CPK elevation. These two case reports allowed us to discuss the mechanism leading to the formation of macroenzymes and the usefulness of their determination.

[Treatment and follow up of disseminated and late Lyme disease].

The aim of this review was to analyze the current strategies of treatment and follow-up of disseminated and late Lyme borreliosis. A comprehensive search was performed using the Medline database. Only relevant reviews, expert guidelines and randomized controlled clinical trials were selected and, if necessary, open trials.

[Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae infections in non-pregnant adults].

Objectives: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) is a major cause of invasive diseases in non-pregnant adults, particularly in the elderly and those with underlying conditions. We describe these conditions and clinical characteristics of patients followed in our teaching hospital.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of 64 patients with S.

[MRSA bacteremia: recent epidemiological and therapeutical trends].

Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is the first agent responsible for nosocomial bacteremia in France. About 40% of the strains are resistant to methicillin (MRSA). The epidemiology of these infections has changed in the last fifteen years whereas therapeutics options have slightly progressed.