Unusual Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma: A Case Report.

An ectopically placed parathyroid in the mediastinum is a rare cause of persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. They are rarely in a huge size. We report a case of a 70-year-old man with a history of total parathyroidectomy and thymectomy presented with a lack of appetite, nausea, and generalized bone pain, polydipsia and a calcium level of 14.

Study of Autophagy and Microangiopathy in Sural Nerves of Patients with Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy.

Twenty-five percent of polyneuropathies are idiopathic. Microangiopathy has been suggested to be a possible pathogenic cause of chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP). Dysfunction of the autophagy pathway has been implicated as a marker of neurodegeneration in the central nervous system, but the autophagy process is not explored in the peripheral nervous system.

Digital rectal examination for initial assessment of the multi-injured patient: Can we depend on it?

Background: Digital rectal examination (DRE) is part of the assessment of trauma patients as recommended by ATLS(®). The theory behind is to aid early diagnosis of potential lower intestinal, urethral and spinal cord injuries. Previous studies suggest that test characteristics of DRE are far from reliable.

Positive blood alcohol level in severe traumatic brain injury is associated with better long-term functional outcome.

Objective: To investigate the association between positive blood alcohol level (BAL) and functional outcome in patients suffering severe traumatic brain injury.

Study Design: The brain trauma registry of an academic trauma centre was queried for patients admitted between January 2007 and December 2011. All patients (≥ 18 years) with a neurosurgical intensive care length of stay beyond 2 days were included.

Expression, purification, refolding and in vitro recovery of active full length recombinant human gelatinase MMP-9 in Escherichia coli.

Human gelatinase (MMP-9) is a member of matrix metalloproteinases family (MMPs), which has been associated with malignant tumor progression and metastasis by matrix degradation. Herein, active full length recombinant human MMP-9 (amino acid residues 107-707) has been expressed in the form of inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli BL21, using pET21a vector. Solubilization of inclusion bodies was carried out in Tris-HCl buffer with 6 M urea, and refolding was performed using dilution and urea gradient methods.

Magnetic droplet nucleation boundary in orthogonal spin-torque nano-oscillators.

Static and dynamic magnetic solitons play a critical role in applied nanomagnetism. Magnetic droplets, a type of non-topological dissipative soliton, can be nucleated and sustained in nanocontact spin-torque oscillators with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy free layers. Here, we perform a detailed experimental determination of the full droplet nucleation boundary in the current-field plane for a wide range of nanocontact sizes and demonstrate its excellent agreement with an analytical expression originating from a stability analysis.

Development of a label-free SPR sensor for detection of matrixmetalloproteinase-9 by antibody immobilization on carboxymethyldextran chip.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor has been widely utilized for monitoring antigen-antibody interactions. The sensor measures changes of refractive index upon binding of analyte molecules to specific ligand immobilized on the sensor chip. This effort reports development of SPR immunosensor for real-time and label-free detection of recombinant human matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), which has been associated with malignant tumor progression and metastasis by matrix degradation.

Protocol for Three-dimensional Confocal Morphometric Analysis of Astrocytes.

As glial cells in the brain, astrocytes have diverse functional roles in the central nervous system. In the presence of harmful stimuli, astrocytes modify their functional and structural properties, a condition called reactive astrogliosis. Here, a protocol for assessment of the morphological properties of astrocytes is presented.

Correlation of Shape and Size of Sella Turcica With the Type of Facial Skeletal Class in an Iranian Group.

Background: In orthodontic science, diagnosis of facial skeletal type (class I, II, and III) is essential to make the correct treatment plan that is usually expensive and complicated. Sometimes results from analysis of lateral cephalometry radiographies are not enough to discriminate facial skeletal types. In this situation, knowledge about the relationship between the shape and size of the sella turcica and the type of facial skeletal class can help to make a more definitive decision for treatment plan.

Naringenin improves learning and memory in an Alzheimer's disease rat model: Insights into the underlying mechanisms.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the prevalent neurological disorders of the central nervous system hallmarked by increased beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and ensuing learning and memory deficit. In the present study, the beneficial effect of naringenin on improvement of learning and memory was evaluated in an Alzheimer's disease rat model. The Aβ-injected rats showed a lower alternation score in Y-maze task, impairment of retention and recall capability in passive avoidance test, and lower correct choices and higher errors in radial arm maze (RAM) task as compared to sham group in addition to enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis.

The Effect of Emboss Enhancement on Reliability of Landmark Identification in Digital Lateral Cephalometric Images.

Background: Evaluation of the craniofacial bones is the oldest method to measure the facial proportion ratio in orthodontics.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of emboss enhancement on the reliability of landmark identification in digital lateral cephalometric images.

Materials And Methods: Ten digital lateral cephalograms were selected from the archive of an oral and maxillofacial radiology center.

Assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk lead in bottled water in different age groups in Bandar Abbas Ciry, Iran.

The presence of heavy metals such as lead in drinking water resources can be dangerous for human because of toxicity and biological accumulation. The consumption of water or food which contains lead in high concentration can lead to prevent from Hemoglobin Synthesis (Anemia) and Kidney diseases. In this present study, the researcher collected 432 samples of bottled water in the popular marks in summer and winter from the surface of Bandar Abbas.

The Effect of β-blockade on Survival After Isolated Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Several North American studies have observed survival benefit in patients exposed to β-blockers following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-blockade on mortality in a Swedish cohort of isolated severe TBI patients.

Methods: The trauma registry of an urban academic trauma center was queried to identify patients with an isolated severe TBI between 1/2007 and 12/2011.

Pituitary stalk thickening in a case of langerhans cell histiocytosis.

A 16-year-old girl was referred for the evaluation of headache exacerbation and progressive loss of visual field from one month ago. She also suffered from intermittent diarrhea since 12 months ago and secondary amenorrhea, headache, weight loss (4 - 5 kg) and weakness from six months ago. She had a history of transient polydipsia and excessive urine output during this period.

Effects of filtration on right ventricular function by the gated blood pool SPECT.

Objective: Gated blood po ol single photon emission computed tomography (GBPS) offers the possibility of obtaining additional functional information from blood pool studies, including evaluation of left and right ventricular function simultaneously. The calculation of ventricular volumes based on the identification of the endocardial surface would be influenced by the spatial resolution in the reconstructed images. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of different filters on the right ventricular function.

Implications of Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome and Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHLS) is a rare hereditary neoplastic disorder caused by mutations in the vhl gene leading to the development of tumors in several organs including the central nervous system, pancreas, kidneys, and reproductive organs. Manifestations of VHLS can present at different ages based on the affected organ and subclass of disease. In the subclasses of VHLS that cause renal disease, renal involvement typically begins closer to the end of the second decade of life and can present in different ways ranging from simple cystic lesions to solid tumors.

Spatial distribution and prevalence of physical disabilities in the provinces of Iran.

To identify the influential social factors and spatial distribution of physical disabilities in Iran between 2006 and 2011. First, the prevalence of physical disability in each province between 2006 and 2011 was mapped via GIS. Moreover, the percentage of physical disability was estimated with regard to age, sex, and residential area.

Spatial distribution and the prevalence of speech disorders in the provinces of Iran.

To identify the spatial distribution and prevalence of speech disorder in Iran. First, the prevalence of speech disorder in 2006 and 2011 was mapped via GIS for each province. Moreover, the prevalence of this disorder was calculated and classified according to age, sex, and residential area.

GIS based analysis of Intercity Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Iran.

Road traffic accidents including intercity car traffic accidents (ICTAs) are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality due to the growing number of vehicles, risky behaviors, and changes in lifestyle of the general population. A sound knowledge of the geographical distribution of car traffic accidents can be considered as an approach towards the accident causation and it can be used as an administrative tool in allocating the sources for traffic accidents prevention. This study was conducted to investigate the geographical distribution and the time trend of fatal intercity car traffic accidents in Iran.

Information needs assessment of medical equipment offices based on Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Business System Planning (BSP) methods.

Given the ever-increasing importance and value of information, providing the management with a reliable information system, which can facilitate decision-making regarding planning, organization and control, is vitally important. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the information needs of medical equipment offices. This descriptive applied cross-sectional study was carried out in 2010.

Autophagy in the posterior interosseous nerve of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an ultrastructural study.

Aims/hypothesis: We addressed the question of whether the autophagy pathway occurs in human peripheral nerves and whether this pathway is associated with peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.

Methods: By using electron microscopy, we evaluated the presence of autophagy-related structures and neuropathy in the posterior interosseous nerve of patients who had undergone carpal tunnel release and had type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in patients with no diabetes (controls).

Results: Autophagy-related ultrastructures were observed in the samples taken from all patients of the three groups.