Exponential increases in high-temperature extremes in North America.

Global warming in the 21st century will alter the frequency of extreme climatic events, such as high-temperature anomalies and "heat waves". Observations of extreme high temperatures during recent decades have detected upward trends in their frequency of occurrence, and recent state-of-the-art Global Climate Models (GCMs), e.g.

Sea-level rise exponentially increases coastal flood frequency.

Sea-level rise will radically redefine the coastline of the 21 century. For many coastal regions, projections of global sea-level rise by the year 2100 (e.g.