Reliability of muscle stiffness measures in popliteus, medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles by ultrasound shear wave elastography in participants with knee osteoarthritis accompanied by myofascial trigger points.

Background: The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the consistency of intra-rater and inter-rater assessments utilizing ultrasound elastography to examine the muscle stiffness of the popliteus and gastrocnemius (medial and lateral heads) in patients with knee osteoarthritis accompanied by myofascial trigger points.

Methods: Thirty individuals with knee osteoarthritis accompanied by myofascial trigger points were assessed. Two examiners independently measured the muscle stiffness levels of the popliteus and gastrocnemius (medial and lateral heads) three times using ultrasound elastography in the first session.

The Iranian National Blood Pressure Measurement Campaign: What Do the Process and Output Evaluation say?

Background: The Iranian National Blood Pressure Measurement Campaign (INBPMC) was conducted all over the country to raise awareness in different groups of people regarding the importance of blood pressure and persuading them to manage their blood pressure. The present research aimed at assessing the process and output of this campaign.

Methods: For process evaluation, 31 universities/faculties were selected.

An application of social marketing for promoting HIV testing in Iran.

Background: It has been estimated that 60,000 Iranians have been infected with HIV/AIDS and only 36% of them are aware of their status. This study aimed to design, implement and evaluate a social marketing campaign to promote HIV testing in Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad Province, southwest of Iran.

Materials And Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest without a control group, developed based on a social marketing assessment and response tool.

Designing a Social Marketing-Based Intervention to Promote Sun-protective Behaviors among Urban Adolescent Boys: A Study Protocol.

Background: Skin cancer is one of the most preventable diseases. The purpose of this study is to describe a social marketing-based intervention design protocol to promote sun-protective behaviors among adolescent boys living in urban areas in Yasuj, south west of Iran.

Methods: This study will be conducted based on six specific steps including a qualitative study, a systematic review, development of appropriate tools, a cross-sectional study, intervention designing, and a feasibility study.

Insights for speed management among Iranian drivers: a social marketing formative research study.

Background: Road traffic crashes are among the leading causes of death and disability in the world, particularly in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed at to conduct a social marketing formative research to inform the development of a campaign to manage driving speed on the intercity roads of Iran.

Methods: To carry out the social marketing formative research, a qualitative and quantitative study were conducted.

Using Social Marketing to Promote Preventive Behaviors Related to COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, a newly discovered coronavirus, the best strategy to deal with the infection is prevention aimed at reducing transmission in the community. This article aimed to using effective behavior change strategies are needed to control COVID-19. Social marketing facilitates the acceptance, rejection, modification, abandonment, or maintenance of particular behaviors by groups of individuals, often referred to as the target audience.

Using social marketing to persuade Iranians to donate blood.

This study examined effects of a social marketing intervention to encourage people to donate blood in a southwest city of Iran. To design the intervention, the constructs of theory of planned behavior in 170 consistent blood donors were measured. Persuasive messages were developed, and some printed materials were prepared to transfer the message to the target segment.

Development and application of a tool to measure hearing health literacy of young people in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: A reliable and valid tool to assess hearing health literacy in Iranian young people is lacking.

Aims: This study aimed to develop a tool to assess the hearing health literacy of young people in the Islamic Republic of Iran and to use the tool to determine the hearing health literacy of a sample of Iranians aged 12-25 years.

Methods: A questionnaire was designed with three skill sections: obtaining health information, evaluating this information and applying it to benefit health.

Using Social Marketing to Reduce Intention of Cesarean Section in Iranian Women.

Introduction: In Iran, the rate of cesarean section is three times more than the acceptable rate considered by the World Health Organization. This study aimed at reducing the selection of cesarean section by primigravida through an intervention based on social marketing in Boyer-Ahmad County, Iran, 2015.

Methods: In this field trial, 39 of primigravida women were identified and selected as a target group.

The role of knowledge, risk perceptions, and cues to action among Iranian women concerning cervical cancer and screening: a qualitative exploration.

Background: Iran has a low incidence but higher rate of death from cervical cancer (CC). The country is in the process of implementing an organized screening program including HPV testing and cytology. Studies show high dropout in continued testing among eligible women.

Using Social Marketing to Reduce Salt Intake in Iran.

WHO has recommended that the average salt intake must be <5 grams per day. However, people consume salt much more in many countries. In this study, we design and implement an intervention based on social marketing model to reduce salt consumption in Yasuj, Iran.

Uphill treadmill walking plus physical therapy versus physical therapy alone in the management of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of uphill walking and physical therapy versus physical therapy alone on knee pain, excursion ranges, stride length, and walking speed in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 30 patients with knee osteoarthritis participated. Both control and intervention groups received 10-session physical therapy.

Women's Views About Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study in Iran.

Violence against women is an urgent health priority in Iran. Designing effective programs for preventing and controlling the problem necessitates a thorough understanding of Iranian women and their perspectives regarding domestic violence. This study was aimed at exploring the domestic violence-related views of married women who were referred to health care facilities in Ahvaz, Iran.

Promoting physical activity in Iranian women: A qualitative study using social marketing.

Background And Aim: In social marketing, at the center of the program is consumer perception. The objective of this study was to explore the viewpoints of Iranian women for tailoring interventions so as to increase physical activity.

Methods: The social marketing model served as the framework of the study.

Application of short message service to control blood cholesterol: a field trial.

Background: Despite recommendations, many middle-age adults neglect to check their blood cholesterol levels. Short message service (SMS, also known as texting) has been seldom studied for preventive education. We estimated how SMS can be a cost-effective method in encouraging people to check their blood cholesterol levels.

Mothers' views about sexual health education for their adolescent daughters: a qualitative study.

Background: Given that mothers play a role in the sexual education of their daughters, it is important to understand their views of sexual health and related programs. This study was aimed at exploring mothers' perspectives regarding sexual health education for their adolescent daughters in Mahshahr, Iran.

Methods: In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews with ten key informants and five focus group discussions involving 28 mothers with daughters aged 12-18 were conducted.

Relationships between Self-Efficacy and Pap Smear Screening in Iranian Women.

Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer among women worldwide. Pap smear screening has resulted in deceasing incidence of cervical cancer in developed countries but low uptake of Pap smear screening among women in developing countries is still a public health challenge. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between self-efficacy and timely uptake of Pap smear among Iranian women.

Application of the PRECEDE model to improve sexual function among women with hysterectomy.

Objective: To determine the effect of an educational program based on the PRECEDE model to improve sexual function among women with hysterectomy.

Methods: The present randomized trial, conducted in Iran during 2014, included 48 women with hysterectomy who were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups. Women in the experimental group received an educational program based on constructs of the PRECEDE model.

Persuasion to use personal protective equipment in constructing subway stations: application of social marketing.

To study the effects of an intervention based on social marketing to persuade workers to use personal protective equipment (PPE) in constructing subway stations in Isfahan, Iran. This was a quasi-experimental study. Two stations were selected as intervention and control groups.

Taxi drivers' views on risky driving behavior in Tehran: a qualitative study using a social marketing approach.

The use of the social marketing approach for public health issues is increasing. This approach uses marketing concepts borrowed from the principles of commercial marketing to promote beneficial health behaviors. In this qualitative study, four focus groups involving 42 participants were used in consumer research to explore taxi drivers' views on the driving situation and the determinants of risky driving behaviors in Tehran, as well as to gather their ideas for developing a social marketing program to reduce risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran, Iran.

Risky driving behaviors in Tehran, Iran.

Objective: Iran has one of the highest fatality rates due to road traffic crashes (RTC) in the world. The disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for RTC in Iran is more than 1,300,000 years, which is more than that for any other disease such as cardiovascular or cancer. We evaluated risky driving behaviors in Tehran, the capital of Iran.