Wearable System Applications in Performance Analysis of RaceRunning Athletes with Disabilities.

RaceRunning is a sport for disabled people and successful performance depends on reducing the amount of time spent travelling a specific distance. Performance analysis in RaceRunning athletes is based on traditional methods such as recording race time, distances travelled and frequency (sets and reps) that are not sufficient for monitoring training loads. The aims of this study were to monitor training loads in typical training sessions and evaluate technical adaptations in RaceRunning performance by acquiring sensor metrics.

Effects of Sport Participation on Gait Coordination, Symmetry, and Variability in Older Adults.

The aim of this study was to compare the interlimb coordination, asymmetry, and variability between older adults who participated in sports (n = 25; age = 72.6 ± 6.46 years) and sedentary older adults (n = 20; age = 70.

Effects of Motor Learning Interventions on Walking Performance and Physical Function in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Older adults with cognitive impairment have deficits in executive systems that affect their gait automaticity. The aim of the meta-analysis and systematic review was to examine the effects of interventions focus on only motor learning principles on gait performance and physical functions (e.g.

Effect of home-based exercise on falls in community-dwelling older adults: an umbrella review.

Aims: The aim of this review study was to examine the effectiveness of home-based and community-based exercise programmes in the rate of falls and improving physical functioning in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: All types of home-based and community-based exercise interventions were searched. From 1186 studies identified, 14 studies were selected for the umbrella review.

Effects of locomotion task constraints on running in boys with overweight/obesity: The mediating role of developmental delays.

Background: Childhood obesity adversely affects the musculoskeletal system and is accompanied with motor development delays. Movement interventions that change the body composition and movement patterns is suggested as an effective way to minimise the childhood obesity adverse effects.

Research Question: Whether a locomotion task constraints intervention is effective to change body composition, motor performance and running efficiency in overweight/obese boys with different levels of motor development.

Effect of Motor Development Levels on Kinematic Synergies During Two-Hand Catching in Children.

The ability to coordinate different body parts under different constraints that are imposed by organism, environment, and tasks during motor development might be different in children. The aim of this study was to examine whether children with different motor development levels are different with regard to multijoint coordination during two-hand catching. Eighty-four children (age: 6.

Effects of Enriched Physical Activity Environments on Balance and Fall Prevention in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

The incidence of falling, due to aging, is related to both personal and environmental factors. There is a clear need to understand the nature of the major risk factors and design features of a safe and navigable living environment for potential fallers. The aim of this scoping review was to identify studies that have examined the effectiveness of environments, which promote physical activity and have an impact on falls prevention.

Effects of task and environmental constraints on axial kinematic synergies during the tennis service in expert players.

The aims of this study were to examine the effects of task and environmental constraints on axial synergies and to find an association between synergies and arm acceleration as a performance variable. Participants of this study were 10 expert tennis players (age: 34.4 ± 7.

Age-related changes to motor synergies in multi-joint and multi-finger manipulative skills: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The aim of the current meta-analysis was to examine the extent to which there are differences in upper extremity motor synergies across different age groups in manipulative tasks.

Methods: The studies that used the uncontrolled manifold method to examine the effect of age on motor synergies in multi-joint and multi-finger tasks were selected. Sixteen relevant studies from 1154 articles were selected for the meta-analysis-4 and 12 studies considered multi-joint kinematics and multi-finger kinetic tasks respectively.

Effects of Developmental Task Constraints on Kinematic Synergies during Catching in Children with Developmental Delays.

The aim of this study was to examine effects of a task intervention on kinematic synergies in catching. Participants were young children (5.58 ± 0.

Locomotor Adaptations During RaceRunning in People With Neurological Motor Disorders.

The aim of this study was to examine strategies to absorb impact shock during RaceRunning in participants with neurological motor disorders. For this purpose, 8 RaceRunning athletes (4 male and 4 female) voluntarily took part in the study. Each participant performed a series of 100-m sprints with a RaceRunning bike.

Stroke survivors exhibit stronger lower extremity synergies in more challenging walking conditions.

The aim of this study was to examine how kinematic synergies are utilised as compensatory movements to stabilise foot positions under different walking task constraints in people with stroke. Ten (Males = 6, Females = 4) hemiplegic chronic stroke survivors volunteered to participate in this study, recruited from a rehabilitation centre. They completed a consent form and participated in treadmill walking tasks; flat, uphill, and crossing over a moving obstacle.

Effects of personal and task constraints on limb coordination during walking: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In human behaviour, emergence of movement patterns is shaped by different, interacting constraints and consequently, individuals with motor disorders usually display distinctive lower limb coordination modes.

Objectives: To review existing evidence on the effects of motor disorders and different task constraints on emergent coordination patterns during walking, and to examine the clinical significance of task constraints on gait coordination in people with motor disorders.

Methods: The search included CINHAL Plus, MEDLINE, HSNAE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Pubmed and AMED.

Effect of environmental constraints on multi-segment coordination patterns during the tennis service in expert performers.

The aims of this study were to examine the effect of different environmental constraints on kinematic multi-segment coordination patterns during the service and its coordination with service time variability. Ten expert tennis players (Age: 34.1 ± 5.

Aerobic exercise interventions reduce blood pressure in patients after stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Secondary vascular risk reduction is critical to preventing recurrent stroke. We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on vascular risk factors and recurrent ischaemic events after stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).

Design: Intervention systematic review and meta-analysis.

Constraints on perception of information from obstacles during foot clearance in people with chronic stroke.

The aim of this study was to examine effects of different types of task constraints on coupling of perception and action in people with chronic stroke when crossing obstacles during a walking task. Ten participants with hemiplegic chronic stroke volunteered to walk over a static obstacle under two distinct task constraints: simple and dual tasks. Under simple task constraints, without specific instructions, participants walked at their preferred speed and crossed over an obstacle.

Informational constraints on interceptive actions of elite football goalkeepers in 1v1 dyads during competitive performance.

The aim of this study was to examine whether perceptual variables can provide informational constraints for the goalkeepers to intercept the ball successfully in 1v1 dyads. Video images of 42 actions (1v1 in direct shots) were selected randomly from different matches and divided into conceded goals (n = 20) and saved actions (n = 22) to investigate interceptive actions of 20 goalkeepers in the English Premier League in season 2013-2014. Time to Contact (TTC) of the closing distance gap between shooter and goalkeeper was obtained by digitising actions in the 18-yard penalty box.

Effects of focus of attention and type of practice on learning and self-efficacy in dart throwing.

The present investigation studied the effect of focus of attention and type of practice on self-efficacy and learning during a demonstration of the dart-throwing skill. 48 university students (M = 22.5 yr.

Performance consistency of international soccer teams in euro 2012: a time series analysis.

The purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of performance in successive matches for international soccer teams from Europe which qualified for the quarter final stage of EURO 2012 in Poland and Ukraine. The eight teams that reached the quarter final stage and beyond were the sample teams for this time series analysis. The autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions were used to analyze the consistency of play and its association with the result of match in sixteen performance indicators of each team.

Effects of different focus of attention rehabilitative training on gait performance in Multiple Sclerosis patients.

The present investigation studied the effects of different focus of attention training on gait performance. Twelve volunteers with Multiple Sclerosis and with an average disability score (Expanded Disability Status Scale=6.5) were selected from a Medical School and took part in a three-phase intervention including baseline, internal focus, and external focus, for eight weeks.

Effect of verbal cueing on trajectory anticipation in the penalty kick among novice football goalkeepers.

The effect of a cueing technique on novice goalkeepers' anticipation of trajectory in penalty kicks was investigated. 28 novice football goalkeepers from junior teams were randomly selected and divided into experimental (n = 14) and control (n = 14) groups. Following a pre-test, participants performed 30 trials of a simulated penalty-kicking task in a spatially occluded condition.

Effect of different external attention of focus instruction on learning of golf putting skill.

The effect of different sources of external attentional focus on learning a motor skill was assessed in the present study. 30 students (12 men, 18 women) participated voluntarily and were divided, according to type of external focus, into target, club swing, and target-club swing groups. The task was a golf putting skill.