Unusual orbital mucormycosis due to pecking injury: clinical characteristics and outcomes of four immunocompetent pediatric patients.

Mucormycosis is a serious fungal infection caused by fungi in the order of Mucorales. Orbital mucormycosis occurs more frequently in rhino-orbital, sino-orbital, and rhino-orbito-cerebral forms of the disease, while isolated orbital mucormycosis is much less common. Herein, we present four cases of immunocompetent children who developed primary cutaneous mucormycosis, which subsequently invaded and progressed to orbital mucormycosis following direct traumatic injury caused by pecking from (Common Myna).

Decreased Bell's phenomenon after inferior and medial orbital wall decompression in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a double-edged sword in management of the patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in Bell's phenomenon after inferior and medial orbital wall decompression in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods: This prospective interventional study included patients with moderate to severe non-active TAO, who underwent inferior and medial wall orbital decompression. Bell's phenomenon and adjusted Bell's phenomenon were evaluated at baseline and six months after surgery.

The Role of Inferior Turbinate Fracture in the Management of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of inferior turbinate fracture in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal obstruction combined with first attempt probing in children younger than 36 months.

Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted on 230 eyes from 176 children aged 12 to 36 months with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All patients underwent simple probing under general anesthesia.