Supersolidus liquid phase sintering of water-atomized low-alloy steel in binder jetting additive manufacturing.

This work investigates the feasibility of net shape manufacturing of parts using water-atomized (WA) low-alloy steel with comparable densities to conventional powder metallurgy parts via binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM) and supersolidus liquid phase sintering (SLPS). In this study, a modified water-atomized powder grade with similar composition as MPIF FL-4405 was printed and pressure-less sintered under a 95% N-5% H atmosphere. Combinations of two different sintering schedules (direct-sintering and step-sintering) and three different heating rates (1, 3, and 5 °C/min) were applied to study the densification, shrinkage, and microstructural evolution of BJAM parts.

Effect of immersion time on the passive and electrochemical response of annealed and nano-grained commercial pure titanium in Ringer's physiological solution at 37°C.

In the present study, various electrochemical tests were used to investigate the passive and electrochemical response of annealed and nano-grained commercial pure Titanium in Ringer's physiological solution at 37°C. Nano-grained pure Titanium, which typically has an average grain size of 90±5nm, was obtained by six-cycle accumulative roll bonding process. Polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy plots illustrated that as a result of grain refinement process, the passive response of the nano-grained sample was improved compared to that of its coarse-grained counterpart in Ringer's physiological solution.