Diagnostic challenges in pediatric arthritis: A case of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis misdiagnosed as septic arthritis in a 3-year-old boy.

Arthritis in children has several causes, including infectious, inflammatory, and infiltration of malignant cells, and it is important to differentiate them as soon as possible. We present the case of a 3-year-old boy who was initially diagnosed with septic arthritis secondary to joint pain, swelling, and high fever. Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, the patient's symptoms persisted, leading to an eventual diagnosis of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA).

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in an adolescent: A case report.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is a rare auto-inflammatory disease in children, with only a few reports of its association with other inflammatory diseases, such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A 15-year-old boy was admitted due to fever, skin rash, arthritis, and high inflammatory factors and was finally diagnosed with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. After 6 months of recovery from the disease, the patient was referred due to local pain and swelling in the arms and left thigh.

Relationship between ocular manifestations, laboratory findings, echocardiographic findings, and intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease.

Background: This study investigates the incidence of ocular involvement in Kawasaki disease (KD) and evaluates the relationship between ocular manifestations, laboratory findings, echocardiographic findings, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 58 KD patients from June 2021 to March 2023. For all patients, a complete ophthalmologic examination and echocardiography were performed in the acute phase before starting the treatment.

Correlation between benign joint hypermobility syndrome and headache in children and adolescents.

Background: Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (BJHS) is a most common hereditary connective tissue disorders in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of headache in children with BJHS.

Methods: This observational-analytical study was conducted in a case-control setting on school children aged 7 to 16 years in 2021-2023 in Isfahan, Iran.

Comparison of Different Treatment Regimens for Long-term Improvement of Renal Function in Patients with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Systematic Review.

Backgrounds: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis) is the most common childhood vasculitis, one of its complications is renal involvement. However, several treatment regimens have been proposed to improve renal function in the long term, but which drug regimen can be most effective is still controversial.

Methods: This study was a systematic review.

Episcleritis; and posterior uveitis misdiagnosed as orbital cellulitis in a child patient with Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease is a chronic multisystem vasculitis that presented with several manifestations. Episcleritis is a benign inflammation of the episcleral tissue and is rarely reported in Behçet's disease. We reported an 11-year-old girl who was admitted due to pain and swelling around the left eye with initial diagnosis of preseptal cellulitis.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Misdiagnosed as IgA Vasculitis in a Child.

Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) with early manifestations simulating IgA vasculitis is a very rare childhood systemic disease. . A 10-year-old boy presented initially with cutaneous, skeletal, and abdominal signs suggestive of IgA vasculitis.

Conjunctivitis as the important indicator of pediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis disease is a rare vasculitis characterized by granulomatous inflammation of respiratory tracts and glomerulonephritis along with vasculitis of other organs. In this study, a 14- year-old boy was referred from ophthalmology clinic to the pediatric rheumatology ward due to drug-resistant conjunctivitis. He had a history of chronic rhinorrhea and nighttime coughing, and he was diagnosed with allergic rhinitis.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy.

Background: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a small-vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis, presented with low-grade fever and edema in the face and upper and lower limbs, as well as purpuric/ecchymotic lesions in these regions. AHEI was also reported after viral infections, including herpes simplex virus, rotavirus, and adenovirus. .

Thrombosis as the First Manifestation of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Disease in an Adolescent.

Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis disease (GPA) is a rare vasculitis characterized by granulomatous inflammation of respiratory tracts, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis of other organs. . A 13-year-old girl was referred due to swelling and pain on her left arm.

Five-day fever: The main presentation of childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis.

In children with a nonspecific constitutional presentation such as prolonged fever, the physician should pay attention to primary vasculitides after ruling out the more common diseases such as infectious diseases, malignancies, and the other rheumatic disorders. The past history of autoimmunity may be a clue for this.

Bilateral Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis as the First Manifestation of Neuro-Behçet Disease.

Background: Behçet disease (BD) is a polygenic and chronic autoinflammatory multisystem vasculitis. Acute optic neuritis has been rarely reported in patients with BD, especially in children. .

Epidemiological and advanced therapeutic approaches to treatment of uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the low prevalence of uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases, potential problems as well as high disease burden can complicate its management. In this review, we systematically assessed the epidemiological, etiological, and managerial aspects of uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases.

Methods: This current study was conducted in accordance with the established methods and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P).

Relationship between ocular involvement and clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and coronary artery dilatation in Kawasaki disease.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of ocular manifestations of Kawasaki disease (KD) in children and to evaluate the relationship between ocular manifestations and the other clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and echocardiographic findings.

Methods: Complete ophthalmologic examination and echocardiography were performed in 36 patients with KD during the acute phase before starting the treatment. Clinical manifestations and laboratory data including white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were obtained from all the patients.

Systemic lupus erythematosus flare triggered by a mosquito bite: the first case report.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide, various, and sometimes deceptive clinical and serological manifestations. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, viral infections, drugs, hormones, and chemicals could trigger SLE flares in genetically predisposed patients. We presented a 13-year-old girl with the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus triggered by a mosquito bite.

Guillain-Barre syndrome as the first manifestation of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which involves multiple organs, including peripheral nervous system. We describe a 12-year-old boy with progressively worsening neurological symptoms as first manifestation. Legs pain, loss of balance, and lower extremity weakness were the reason for his admission in neurologic ward.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis in Primary School Students of Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Different studies have indicated an increasing prevalence of AR worldwide. The most common complaints of the patients are itching, tearing eyes, and rhinorrhea.

The First Report on the Frequency of Asymptomatic Proteinuria in Iranian School-aged Children.

Background: Proteinuria is a well-known indicator of renal dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of proteinuria in a sample of healthy Iranian elementary school students using both dipsticks and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) methods.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 478 school students aged 7-9 years who were selected by multistage random cluster sampling from Isfahan city, Iran.

national survey on the pattern of breastfeeding in Iranian infants: The IrMIDHS study.

Breastfeeding has been recognized to have a great deal of benefits for both the mothers and infants. Moreover, the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life has been greatly acknowledged. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of starting breastfeeding in the first hour after delivery and the exclusive breast milk feeding as well as the age at which complimentary foods are provided to the child and duration of breastfeeding in Iran.

Tobacco Use and Influencing Factors Among Iranian Children and Adolescents at National and Subnational Levels, According to Socioeconomic Status: The Caspian-IV Study.

Background: Iran is facing an epidemiologic transition, with one of its features being the tendency towards smoking by adolescents. The findings of previous studies in Iran have shown that the pervasiveness of tobacco products among school students is high. No previous study has reported the prevalence and determinants of smoking in various socioeconomic statuses (SESs) and at the subnational level in Iran.

Association of Mental Disorders and Consultation with Family Members and Friends in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV Study.

Background: Behavioral disorders are common in the pediatric age group. This study aims to assess the relationship between the frequency of behavioral and mental disorders and counseling with family members and friends in a representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents.

Methods: In this nationwide study, 14880 school students, aged 6-18 years, were selected by cluster and stratified multi-stage sampling method from 30 provinces in Iran.

Relationship between leisure time screen activity and aggressive and violent behaviour in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV Study.

Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between leisure time spent watching television (TV) and at a computer and aggressive and violent behaviour in children and adolescents.

Methods: In this nationwide study, 14,880 school students, aged 6-18 years, were selected by cluster and stratified multi-stage sampling method from 30 provinces in Iran. The World Health Organization Global School-based Health Survey questionnaire (WHO-GSHS) was used.

Does the socioeconomic status affect the prevalence of psychiatric distress and violent behaviors in children and adolescents? The CASPIAN-IV study.

Background: This nationwide study aims to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric distress and violent behaviors in a nationally-representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents according to the socioeconomic status (SES) of their living region.

Methods: In this study, 14,880 school students, aged 6-18 years, were selected from 30 provinces in Iran. The World Health Organization Global School-based Health Survey questionnaire was used.

Association of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels with indexes of general and abdominal obesity in Iranian adolescents: The CASPIAN-III study.

Background: This study aimed to determine the association of serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with measures of general and abdominal obesity in Iranian adolescents.

Materials And Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among 1090 students, aged 10-18 years, living in 27 provinces in Iran. Serum concentration of 25(OH)D was analyzed quantitatively by direct competitive immunoassay chemiluminescence method.

Frequency, Causes, and Places of Unintentional Injuries in a Nationally Representative Sample of Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV Study.

Background: This study aims to assess the frequency, causes, and places of injuries in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents, as well as the referral, places allocated for injured individuals.

Methods: This nationwide study was conducted in 2011-2012 among 13486 elementary, secondary and high-school students who were selected by random cluster stratified multistage sampling from 30 provinces in Iran. The Global School-based Health Survey questionnaire of the World Health Organization was used.