Best Imaging Method for Detection of Renal Stones.

The occurrence rate of nephrolithiasis has increased steadily. The development of stone in children depends on certain physicochemical factors. Kidney stones are one of the challenges of pediatric nephrology.

Prevalence of reflux nephropathy in Iranian children with solitary kidney: results of a multi-center study.

Background: Given the importance of the function of the remnant kidney in children with unilateral renal agenesis and the significance of timely diagnosis and treatment of reflux nephropathy to prevent further damage to the remaining kidney, we aimed to determine the prevalence of reflux nephropathy in this subgroup of pediatric patients.

Methods: In general, 274 children referred to pediatric nephrologists in different parts of Iran were evaluated, of whom 199 had solitary kidney and were included in this cross-sectional study. The reasons for referral included urinary tract infection (UTI), abnormal renal ultrasonography, being symptomatic, and incidental screening.

Status epilepticus and coma leading to death in a boy caused by Medium-chainacyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Medium-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid β- oxidation, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The enzyme plays a role in hepatic Ketogenesis, which is a significant source of energy during prolonged fasting. There is no metabolic screening program except for phenylketonuria (PKU) and hypothyroidism in Iran, and such screening is exclusively implemented in the case of babies with unprovoked seizures and hypoglycemia and previous unexplained sibling deaths.

Development of an Innovative Method by Optimizing qPCR Technique for Isolating and Determining Oxalobacter Formigenes Microbial Load in the Stool of Patients with Urolithiasis.

Introduction: Oxalobacter formigenes, as a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, metabolizes oxalate in the intestine by the enzymes oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase (OXC) and formyl-CoA transferase (FRC). Therefore, not only the presence of the bacterium but also microbial load may affect intestinal absorption and urinary exertion. We evaluated the relationship between Oxalobacter formigenes load and the formation of calcium oxalate urolithiasis using quantitative molecular methods.

Proteinuria in Two Sisters with Beaulieu-Boycott-Innes Syndrome, A Case Report.

We report two sisters (13- and 4-year-old) presenting with moderate intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, intermittent hematuria, proteinuria, and dental caries. Their parents and other family members were not affected. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen the underlying genetic cause.

The Prevalence of Renal Scars Among Infants Under One Year Old With a First UTI With or Without VUR in Qom, Iran, 2017.

Renal scarring with reflux develops renal nephropathy. The risk is higher when it is associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). Hence, we investigated the prevalence of renal scars among children under one-year-old with the first UTI in Qom, Iran.

Different Approaches to Detect "Nanobacteria" in Patients with Kidney Stones: an Infectious Cause or a Subset of Life?

Purpose: This research focused on the detection of nanobacteria in kidney stones of 30 Iranian patients without adding fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the culture media.

Materials And Methods: Nanobacteria were isolated from a nephro-ureterolithiasis extract of the urinary tract and kidney of patients and were cultured in the laboratory. The growth of nanobacteria was monitored using a spectrophotometer, and with inverted microscopy technique, their crystallization was analyzed after two days.

Biochemical risk factors for stone formation in healthy school children.

Prevalence of urolithiasis in childhood is increasing. The wide geographic variation in the incidence of lithiasis in childhood is related to climatic, dietary, and socioeconomic factors. Many children with stone disease have a metabolic abnormality.

Relationship between arterial blood pressure and body mass index of school age children of southern region of Iran.

Despite an increasing prevalence of obesity and hypertension in young age, there is limited information on the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to blood pressure (BP) in these populations, especially in developing countries. This study examines the association between BMI and BP in four populations of school age children across southern region of Islamic republic of Iran.

Association of sterile pyuria and coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki syndrome.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory multiorgan disease of unknown etiology. The most dramatic organ involved is the heart. There were a few studies about cardiac involvement and sterile pyuria.

Acute glomerulonephritis: a 7 years follow up of children in center of Iran.

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a type of renal disease which indicates the inflammation of glomerulus and nephrons. This study was carried on 94 children, <15 years old with the diagnosis of AGN who were admitted to Qom and Yazd's hospitals between 2000 and 2006. Data were collected using hospital records on admission, progression notes and outpatient follow up.

HDR Syndrome (Hypoparathyroidism, Sensorineural Deafness and Renal Disease) Accompanied by Hirschsprung Disease.

Background: HDR syndrome (hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness and renal disease) is an autosomal dominant condition, defined by the triad hypoparathyroidism, renal dysplasia and hearing loss. Hirschsprung (HSCR) disease is a variable congenital absence of ganglion cells of the enteric nervous system resulting in degrees of functional bowel obstruction. Rarer chromosomal anomalies are reported in combination with Hirschsprung disease like DiGeorge syndrome, mosaic trisomy 8, XXY chromosomal constitution, partial duplication of chromosome 2q, tetrasomy 9p, and 20p deletion.

Clinical manifestations and etiology of renal stones in children less than 14 years age.

Urolithiasis is one of the commonest problems in pediatric nephrology. Prevalence of urolithiasis in pediatric patients is increasing. The purpose was to properly diagnose and treat with the special attention to the risk factors.