Leveraging real-world Data from administrative claims and medical records to inform safety and effectiveness of piperacillin-tazobactam in the Management of Pediatric Hospital Acquired Pneumonia.

Pediatric-specific safety data are required during development of pharmaceutical agents. Retrospective studies can leverage real-world data to assess safety and effectiveness in children where prospective, controlled studies are not feasible. A retrospective cohort study combined data from Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) and medical records to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) in pediatric patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Association between early care and education centres policies and practices and children's healthy behaviours.

Objective: To examine the impact of nutritional and physical activity (PA) policies and practices at early care and education centres on behavioural changes among children ages 2-5.

Methods: The study population included 586 children from 25 education centres throughout the state of Georgia. Policies and practices were measured using the Georgia Nutrition and PA Assessment at the start of school year in Fall 2017.

Cat Scratch Disease: 9 Years of Experience at a Pediatric Center.

Background: A more complete understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of cat scratch disease (CSD) in children could help guide patient care.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of children presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital system in Atlanta, Georgia between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 who had serology, polymerase chain reaction, and/or cytopathological results consistent with a infection. We also retrospectively reviewed veterinary diagnostic results performed at the University of Georgia from 2018 to 2020 to ascertain the burden of bartonellosis in companion animals within the state.

Applicability of the GAIA Maternal and Neonatal Outcome Case Definitions for the Evaluation of Adverse Events Following Vaccination in Pregnancy in High-income Countries.

Background: The Brighton Collaboration Global Alignment of Immunization Safety in Pregnancy (GAIA) project developed case definitions for the assessment of adverse events in mothers and infants following maternal immunization. This study evaluated the applicability of these definitions to data collected in routine clinical care and research trial records across 7 sites in high-resource settings.

Methods: Data collection forms were designed and used to retrospectively abstract the key elements of the GAIA definitions from records for 5 neonatal and 5 maternal outcomes, as well as gestational age.

A Retrospective Test-Negative Case-Control Study to Evaluate Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Hospitalizations in Children.

Background: Vaccination is the primary strategy to reduce influenza burden. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) can vary annually depending on circulating strains.

Methods: We used a test-negative case-control study design to estimate influenza VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations among children (aged 6 months-17 years) across 5 influenza seasons in Atlanta, Georgia, from 2012-2013 to 2016-2017.

Influenza vaccine effectiveness and disease burden in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: 2012-2017.

Background: Data are limited on the burden of influenza and seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Methods: We used a prospectively collected clinical registry of SCD patients 6 months to 21 years of age to determine the influenza cases per 100 patient-years, vaccination rates, and a test-negative case-control study design to estimate influenza VE against medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. Influenza-positive cases were randomly matched to test-negative controls on age and influenza season in 1:1 ratio.