Removal of subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid: Report of 3 cases.

Purpose: To report removal of retained subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) after vitrectomy for retinal detachment.

Methods: Three patients underwent 3-port 23-gauge vitrectomy in an attempt to remove retained subfoveal PFCL bubble secondary to retinal detachment surgery. In two patients, removal was achieved via a 23-G needle whereas the third patient with multiple small subfoveal droplets, multiple punctures were required and in that case a small 40-G needle was used.

Effect of follicular fluid and platelet-activating factor on lactate dehydrogenase C expression in human asthenozoospermic samples.

Background: Application of follicular fluid (FF) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in artificial insemination improves sperm motility. Lactate dehydrogenase C (LDH-C) is a key enzyme for sperm motility. In this study, the effects of FF and PAF on the sperm motility index and LDH-C expression were investigated.