Determinants and Stratification of Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. It is classified into type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM), which have different mechanisms and complications. The global prevalence of diabetes, particularly T2DM, has increased significantly in recent decades, leading to a need for standardized data collection of macrovascular and microvascular complications to track disease progression and guide treatment options.

Obesity and dyslipidemia are associated with partially reversible modifications to DNA hydroxymethylation of apoptosis- and senescence-related genes in swine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

Background: Obesity dysregulates key biological processes underlying the functional homeostasis, fate decisions, and reparative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Mechanisms directing obesity-induced phenotypic alterations in MSCs remain unclear, but emerging drivers include dynamic modification of epigenetic marks, like 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). We hypothesized that obesity and cardiovascular risk factors induce functionally relevant, locus-specific changes in 5hmC of swine adipose-derived MSCs and evaluated their reversibility using an epigenetic modulator, vitamin-C.