Refractory Immune-Mediated Cysticercal Meningitis and Role of B Cell Depleting Therapy.

Background: Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis (NCC) commonly presents with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure such as headache, nausea, vomiting, or delirium. Intraventricular NCC is frequently associated with obstructive hydrocephalus as well as recurrent inflammatory cascade leading to chronic meningitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the novel use and benefit of B cell depleting therapy in a case of treatment-refractory cysticercal meningoencephalitis.

Clinicodemographic profile, management, and treatment outcomes in advanced retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center in North India.

Purpose: The study was undertaken to look into the clinicodemographic profile, management, and clinical outcomes of advanced retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from Jan 2019 to Dec 2022. Forty-two patients of intraocular advanced retinoblastoma were assessed.

Correlation of CT perfusion with MRI brain in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

Background: Cerebral white matter disease and large vessel cerebral steno-occlusive are both associated with high incidence of strokes and mortality. There is a lack of literature correlating the cerebral perfusion downstream of a stenotic lesion with white matter changes in the cerebral hemispheres. The aim of this study was to correlate the white matter changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameters in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.

An unusual case of eosinophilia, myalgia and skin contractures: Shulman's disease revisited.

Shulman's disease (eosinophilic fasciitis) is a very rare autoimmune disorder with an unknown etiopathogenesis. During the initial period of disease, it usually causes limb and trunk edema followed by collagenous thickening of the subcutaneous fascia. Eosinophilia is a predominant laboratory finding during the initial phase of the disease and less prominent in the later phases.

Pulmonary cavitation in follow-up COVID 2019 cases: An etiological perspective.

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global healthcare challenge that has caused morbidity and mortality at unprecedented levels. Since the post-COVID pulmonary complications are evolving and challenging, a study was carried out to assess pulmonary cavitation in follow-up COVID cases from an etiological perspective. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of pulmonary cavitation and describe its etiology and evolution in moderate and severe post-COVID pneumonia patients.

Clinical and molecular spectrum associated with Polymerase-γ related disorders.

Background: pathogenic variants are the commonest single-gene cause of inherited mitochondrial disease. However, the data on clinicogenetic associations in -related disorders are sparse. This study maps the clinicogenetic spectrum of -related disorders in the pediatric population.

Child survivor of rabies in India: a case report.

Unlabelled: A 4-year-old boy was admitted with an acute onset fever for 4 days and drowsiness for 3 days, followed by progressive flaccid weakness of both lower limbs and encephalopathy soon after admission. He had sustained a WHO Class III stray dog bite 2 weeks previously and had received three doses of post-exposure rabies vaccination with purified vero cell vaccine but not rabies immunoglobulin. He was diagnosed with rabies based on the presence of rabies virus neutralising antibody in CSF (Day 1 1:128 and Day 26 1:2048) and typical findings on neuro-imaging.

Risk factors of white matter hyperintensities in South Asian patients with transient ischemic attack and minor stroke.

Purpose: Aging and increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors are associated with severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH). We assessed the burden and risk factor profile of WMHs in South Asian patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke.

Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke with the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score ≤ 5 who underwent MRI were included.

Republished: Primary intraventricular haemorrhage due to rupture of giant varix of the basal vein of Rosenthal in a patient with long-standing direct CCF: angiographic features and treatment considerations.

Direct carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) are often detected early and treated promptly resulting in a paucity of literature regarding its long-term evolution. We present a case of high flow post-traumatic direct CCF that was neglected for over 6 years and presented with a rare manifestation of primary intraventricular haemorrhage. Occlusions of the primary venous outlets likely resulted in engorgement of the deep venous system.

Single centre experience of flow diverter treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms from South India: Intermediate and long-term outcomes.

Background And Purpose: To report the intermediate and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms with flow diverter (FD) stents.

Setting: A tertiary care centre from south India.

Materials And Methods: Patients treated with FD stents were retrospectively analyzed.

A Study on the Clinical and Angiographic Spectrum of Spontaneous Extracranial Dissections in the Cerebral Vasculature.

Aim: To prospectively study the clinical profile, angiographic features, and functional outcomes, in consecutive cases of extracranial dissection seen at two tertiary stroke care centers in South India.

Materials And Methods: In this observational study, spanning 4 years (December 12-December 16), a total of 442 patients presented with an acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) at our study centers. 14/546 (3.

Primary intraventricular haemorrhage due to rupture of giant varix of the basal vein of Rosenthal in a patient with long-standing direct CCF: angiographic features and treatment considerations.

Direct carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) are often detected early and treated promptly resulting in a paucity of literature regarding its long-term evolution. We present a case of high flow post-traumatic direct CCF that was neglected for over 6 years and presented with a rare manifestation of primary intraventricular haemorrhage. Occlusions of the primary venous outlets likely resulted in engorgement of the deep venous system.

Noncontrast Computed Tomography versus Computed Tomography Angiography Source Images for Predicting Final Infarct Size in Anterior Circulation Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: There has been a recent debate regarding the superiority of computed tomography angiography source images (CTASIs) over noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) to predict the final infarct size in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We hypothesized that the parenchymal abnormality on CTASI in faster scanners would overestimate ischemic core.

Methods: This prospective study assessed the correlation of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) on NCCT, CTASI, and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) with final infarct size in patients within 8 hours of AIS.

Skull Base Osseous Arteriovenous Fistula-A Rare Clinical Entity: Case Report and Literature Review.

Purpose: To describe a rare clinical entity of intraosseous skull base arteriovenous fistula managed with transvenous fistula embolization.

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman presented with complaints of headache and episodic tinnitus with progressive left-sided visual deterioration. Cross-sectional imaging of the head revealed multiple vascular channels in the sphenoid bone and in bilateral masticator spaces.

MRI and MR tractography in bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration.

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration is a trans-synaptic neuronal degeneration associated with hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus due to a lesion in the triangle of Guillain-Mollaret. Familiarity with this entity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential to avoid other erroneous ominous diagnoses. We present a case of bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration and discuss the etiopathogenesis and MRI findings in this entity.

Intravenous urography supplemented with computerised tomography urogram: A pragmatic hybrid imaging approach to hydronephrosis.

Background: Image quality in an Intravenous Urogram (IVU) can occasionally be compromised by variables like bowel preparation, renal function and radiographic factors, posing a challenge to all Uroradiologists. The Computerised Tomography Urogram (CTU) yields better diagnostic information than an IVU, due to its inherent superior anatomic delineation and contrast sensitivity, against a trade-off involving radiation dose and cost. Our study was conducted to assess the utility and timing of performing a single-phase CTU, as a problem-solving tool, to clear the diagnostic dilemma in a selected subset of patients, in whom an ongoing IVU could potentially be inconclusive.

Estimates of protein surface areas in solution by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

The extent of multiple charging of protein ions in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra depends on the solvent-exposed surface area, but it may also be influenced by a variety of other extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Gas-phase ion chemistry (charge-transfer and charge-partitioning reactions) appears to be the major extrinsic factor influencing the extent of protonation as detected by ESI MS. In this work, we demonstrate that under carefully controlled conditions, which limit the occurrence of the charge-transfer reactions in the gas phase, charge-state distributions of protein ions can be used to assess the solvent-exposed surface area in solution.

A chemometric approach to detection and characterization of multiple protein conformers in solution using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Protein ion charge state distributions in electrospray ionization mass spectra have a potential to provide a wealth of information on protein dynamics, because they contain contributions from all protein conformers present in solution. Such ionic contributions often overlap, limiting the amount of useful information that can be extracted from the spectra. This difficulty is overcome in the present work by using a chemometric approach, which allows spectral deconvolution to be carried out and information on individual protein conformers to be extracted.

Differences in the anti-basement membrane zone antibodies in ocular and pseudo-ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.

Purpose: Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is a chronic autoimmune cicatrizing disease which affects the conjunctiva and other squamous epithelium, resulting in a scarring process. A similar process, limited only to the conjunctiva, observed in some patients using eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma, is called pseudo-ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (P-OCP). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrate deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components in the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of the conjunctiva and an anti-basement membrane zone antibody in the serum of patients.

Correlation of peptide specificity and IgG subclass with pathogenic and nonpathogenic autoantibodies in pemphigus vulgaris: a model for autoimmunity.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare, potentially fatal, autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. The PV antigen (PVA) has been characterized as desmoglein 3. PV patients carry HLA-DR4- or HLA-DR6-bearing extended haplotypes.

Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. A case report of monozygotic twins discordant for the disease.

Objective: To identify the major histocompatibility complex markers and the autoantibody associated with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) in a proband, her unaffected cotwin, and the children of the cotwin. Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the conjunctiva and other squamous epithelium. It is associated with the major histocompatibility complex class II alleles that are presumed to provide enhanced susceptibility to the disease.

Comparison of an indirect immunofluorescence assay and a modified sensitive immunoblot assay for the study of the autoantibody in pemphigus vulgaris.

Some patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) have positive direct immunofluorescence (DIF) but are negative by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). The purpose of this study was (1) to compare the sensitivity of an IIF assay with an immunoblot (IB) assay, (2) to compare the IIF and the IB assay in PV patients in whom the clinical picture and DIF were consistent, but the IIF was negative and (3) to compare the IIF and the IB assay in patients in clinical remission for 3 years or more. A comparison was made of the titers of PV autoantibody in the IIF assay using monkey esophagus as substrate and the modified sensitive IB assay using preabsorbed normal human skin lysate and COLO-16 lysate as a substrate in the three groups of patients.