Misleading localization by F-fluorocholine PET/CT in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type-3: a case report.

Background: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a heterogeneous autosomal-dominant disorder of calcium hemostasis that may be difficult to distinguish clinically from mild primary hyperparathyroidism. Loss-of-function mutations mainly involving Arg15 residue of the adaptor-related protein complex 2, sigma subunit 1 (AP2S1) cause a rarer, more recently recognized form of FHH, FFH type-3. Recently, F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT) showed superior sensitivity to conventional imaging in localizing parathyroid adenomas.

Adrenal Oncocytoma: An Incidental Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Findings with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlation.

A good percentage of adrenal masses in patients with known malignancy may be benign; thus, noninvasive characterization is important in preventing unnecessary biopsy. This case report represents a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma and known lung metastasis for which she was followed up with whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) postradioactive iodine therapy. During the follow-up, she had developed an adrenal mass lesion seen by FDG PET/CT and further characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Cardiac and pericardial tumors: A potential application of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging.

Cardiac and pericardial masses may be neoplastic, benign and malignant, non-neoplastic such as thrombus or simple pericardial cysts, or normal variants cardiac structure can also be a diagnostic challenge. Currently, there are several imaging modalities for diagnosis of cardiac masses; each technique has its inherent advantages and disadvantages. Echocardiography, is typically the initial test utilizes in such cases, Echocardiography is considered the test of choice for evaluation and detection of cardiac mass, it is widely available, portable, with no ionizing radiation and provides comprehensive evaluation of cardiac function and valves, however, echocardiography is not very helpful in many cases such as evaluation of extracardiac extension of mass, poor tissue characterization, and it is non diagnostic in some cases.

Case report of severe Cushing's syndrome in medullary thyroid cancer complicated by functional diabetes insipidus, aortic dissection, jejunal intussusception, and paraneoplastic dysautonomia: remission with sorafenib without reduction in cortisol concentration.

Background: Normalization of cortisol concentration by multikinase inhibitors have been reported in three patients with medullary thyroid cancer-related Cushing's syndrome. Aortic dissection has been reported in three patients with Cushing's syndrome. Diabetes insipidus without intrasellar metastasis, intestinal intussusception, and paraneoplastic dysautonomia have not been reported in medullary thyroid cancer.

Pulmonary epitheloid hemangioendothelioma PET CT findings and review of literature.

We describe a case of pulmonary epitheloid hemangioendothelioma (PEH) in a 13 years old girl, the aggressive nature of the tumor in this particular case and the PET CT findings. PEH are rare tumors of vascular origin, first described by Dial and Liebow in 1975. This is an uncommon pulmonary neoplasm, 4 times more common in young women.

The relationship between coronary artery calcification and myocardial perfusion in asymptomatic women.

Background And Objectives: No data are available in Saudi Arabia on the relationship between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in asymptomatic women, for determining subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD). The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of CAC and stress-induced myocardial ischemia by MPS in asymptomatic women.

Design And Setting: Single-center retrospective study over a 2-year period.

Propionic acidemia associated with visual hallucinations.

Propionic acidemia, an autosomal recessive disorder, is a common form of organic aciduria resulting from the deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. It is characterized by frequent and potentially lethal episodes of metabolic acidosis often accompanied by hyperammonemia. A wide range of brain abnormalities have been reported in propionic acidemia.

Coronary artery calcification detected by PET/CT scan as a marker of myocardial ischemia/coronary artery disease.

Background: There have been no data with regard to the relationship between coronary artery calcification (CAC) detected with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), as incidental findings, and myocardial perfusion single photon computed tomography (MPS) results in patients with cancer.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between CAC detected on the CT component of PET/CT and abnormal MPS in patients with cancer before oncologic surgery.

Method: A total of 157 patients without known coronary disease and clinically proven indication for PET/CT underwent PET/CT and MPS as a routine preoperative workup.

Clinical use of combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography in thymoma recurrence.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of hybrid fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for surveillance and follow-up of thymoma patients to detect recurrent disease. A retrospective chart review was performed on 37 thymoma patients who underwent FDG-PET/CT-scans during postoperative follow-up. The following information was obtained: clinical indication for FDG-PET/CT, the results of the FDG-PET/CT, particularly with regard to the additional diagnostic imaging information, the localization of the disease and subsequent clinical patient management.

The diagnostic value of fused positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the localization of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma in Cushing's disease.

Despite the high resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland, up to 40% of cases of Cushing's disease (CD) have normal MRI. Fused images of positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) may have a potential diagnostic role in CD in general and in such cases in particular. Objective of this study is to explore the diagnostic potential of PET-CT for localization of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas in CD.

18F-FDG imaging: pitfalls and artifacts.

18F-FDG PET is emerging as a useful tool in the staging and restaging of many malignant neoplasms, such as lymphoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. To accurately interpret 18F-FDG findings one must be familiar with the normal physiologic distribution of the tracer, frequently encountered physiologic variants, and benign pathologic causes of 18F-FDG uptake that can be confused with a malignant neoplasm. The objectives of this article are to (a) describe the mechanism of 18F-FDG uptake, (b) list the patient preparation and pertinent patient history before 18F-FDG imaging, (c) describe the whole-body physiologic distribution of 18F-FDG, (d) list and discuss normal physiologic variants, and (e) list and discuss benign pathologic causes of 18F-FDG uptake.