Unveiling the Gut Microbiota of Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) in Selected Habitats in Malaysia.

Background: The gut microbiota plays an important role in primates, which may be associated with their habitat. In Malaysia, pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) live in different habitat environments and have traditionally been used for coconut plucking for more than a century. There is currently no information regarding the gut microbiota of this macaque in Malaysia.

Gut microbial assessment among Hylobatidae at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre, Peninsular Malaysia.

Importance: Recent developments in genetic analytical techniques have enabled the comprehensive analysis of gastrointestinal symbiotic bacteria as a screening tool for animal health conditions, especially the endangered gibbons at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC).

Objective: High-throughput sequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA genes was used to determine the baseline gut bacterial composition and identify potential pathogenic bacteria among three endangered gibbons housed in the NWRC.

Methods: Feces were collected from 14 individuals (, n = 9; , n = 4; and , n = 1) from March to November 2022.

Preliminary assessment of group composition and activity pattern of the critically endangered Bornean Banded Langur in Tanjung Datu National Park.

The Bornean banded langur () is critically endangered species primarily found in Sarawak, Malaysia. Albeit this species is in peril, the ecology knowledge of this endemic species of Borneo is still scarce. Thus, a rapid survey employing total count and scan sampling method was conducted between July to August 2023 at Tanjung Datu National Park (TDNP), Sarawak to observe the social interaction of species with the environment.

Alteration of the gut microbial composition of critically endangered Malayan tigers (Panthera tigris jacksoni) in captivity during enrichment phase.

Background: Enrichment activities may influence the microbiomes of captive tigers', affecting their health, digestion, and behavior. Currently, there are few studies that address the impact of enrichment activity on tigers' health. This study aimed to determine the diversity of the gut microbiome in captive Malayan tigers at Zoo Melaka and Night Safari during the environmental enrichment phase using a metabarcoding approach.

Interspecific variation in the diet of and at Genting Highlands, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia.

Primate communities in the Genting Highlands consist of a single species of Hylobatidae and four species of Cercopithecidae, which are known to exhibit social interaction behaviour. Thus, a study on the diets of (siamang; family Hylobatidae) and (pig-tailed macaque; family Cercopithecidae) was carried out at Genting Highlands, in order to compare the dietary preferences and interspecific competition between the two primate families. A DNA metabarcoding approach was used to analyse diet intake using non-invasive samples based on the trnL region.

Molecular phylogeny confirms the subspecies delineation of the Malayan Siamang () and the Sumatran Siamang () based on the hypervariable region of mitochondrial DNA.

Siamangs () are native to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and southern Thailand and their taxonomical classification at subspecies level remains unclear. Morphologically, two subspecies were proposed as early as 1908 by Thomas namely and Thus, this study aims to clarify the Siamang subspecies status, based on mtDNA -loop sequences. Faecal samples were collected from wild Siamang populations at different localities in Peninsular Malaysia.

Determining the Dietary Preferences of Wild Asian Elephants () in Taman Negara National Park, Malaysia Based on Sex and Age using trnL DNA Metabarcoding Analysis.

The world's largest terrestrial mammal, Asian elephants, are known to have enormous feeding needs. Several factors such as season, sex, age, and daily activities influence the amount of food required by an individual. Generally, captive elephants have a limited choice of food on a daily basis compared with that of elephants in the wild.

Determining the diet of wild Asian elephants () at human-elephant conflict areas in Peninsular Malaysia using DNA metabarcoding.

Human-elephant conflict (HEC) contributes to the increasing death of Asian elephants due to road accidents, retaliatory killings and fatal infections from being trapped in snares. Understanding the diet of elephants throughout Peninsular Malaysia remains crucial to improve their habitat quality and reduce scenarios of HEC. DNA metabarcoding allows investigating the diet of animals without direct observation, especially in risky conflict areas.

Metabarcoding data analysis revealed the plant dietary variation of long-tailed macaque (Cercopithecidae, Cercopithecinae) living in disturbed habitats in Peninsular Malaysia.

The long-tailed macaque () has a wide range in both Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Although the primates are especially vulnerable to habitat alterations, this primate lives in disturbed habitats due to human-induced land-use. Thus, this study presents a faecal metabarcoding approach to clarify the plant diet of long-tailed macaques from five locations in Peninsular Malaysia to represent fragmented forest, forest edge, island and recreational park habitats.

First report on metabarcoding analysis of gut microbiome in Island Flying Fox () in island populations of Malaysia.

Flying fox () belongs to the frugivorous bats, which play a crucial role in maintaining proper functioning of an ecosystem and conservation of the environment. Bats are well-known carriers of pathogenic viruses, such as BatCov RaTG13 from the coronavirus family that share 90.55% with SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing recent global pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).

Metabarcoding of Parasitic Wasp, (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) That Parasitizing Bagworm, Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae).

Microbiome studies of the parasitoid wasp, (Nixon) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are important because has potential as a biological control agent to suppress the pest, Walker (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). Three field populations of parasitic wasps with different Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices to control collected from Perak state (Tapah) and Johor state (Yong Peng and Batu Pahat districts) in Peninsular Malaysia were studied. Bacterial community composition and structure were analysed using α and β diversity metrics.

Diet Composition of the Wild Stump-Tailed Macaque () in Perlis State Park, Peninsular Malaysia, Using a Chloroplast tRNL DNA Metabarcoding Approach: A Preliminary Study.

Understanding dietary diversity is a fundamental task in the study of stump-tailed macaque, in its natural habitat. However, direct feeding observation and morphological identification using fecal samples are not effective and nearly impossible to obtain in natural habitats because this species is sensitive to human presence. As ecological methods are challenging and time-consuming, DNA metabarcoding offers a more powerful assessment of the diet.

Data on First Record of Brown Morph Banded Langur (), Leucistic Dusky Leaf Monkey () in Malaysia and Review of Morph Diversity in Langur (Colobinae).

Morphism refer to polymorphic species, in which multiple colour variants coexist within a population. Morphism in primates is common and langurs also exhibit certain characteristics of morphism, such as conspicuous natal coats. Banded langurs () and dusky leaf monkey () exhibits the same characteristics of conspicuous natal coats, but these coats are only limited to infants and changed when they reached adulthood.

Partial mtDNA sequencing data of vulnerable from the Malaysian Borneo.

Tarsier is an endangered nocturnal primate in the family Tarsiidae and is an endemic to Sundaic islands of Philippine (), Sulawesi ( tarsier-complex) and Borneo (). Recent records indicated that most molecular studies were done on the Eastern Tarsier and little information for the other group of tarsiers. Here, we present a partial cytochrome b data set of in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo.

Population Genetics Analyses of the Endangered Proboscis Monkey from Malaysian Borneo.

The proboscis monkey, Nasalis larvatus, is an endemic species to the island of Borneo. It is listed in the IUCN Red List as Endangered with a decreasing population trend. Nevertheless, biological information, especially on the genetic diversity of the species, is still incomplete.