The Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica and Its Fractions Exert Antioxidative and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects on Microglial Cells and Regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

Background: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can aggravate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Centella asiatica has been traditionally consumed for memory and cognition. The triterpenes (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid) have been standardized in the ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica (SECA).

Nanoemulsion of Ethanolic Extract of (NanoSECA)Ameliorates Learning and Memory Performance by EnhancingCholinergic Activities, Increasing Antioxidative Levels, and AttenuatingOxidative Stress Markers in Adult Rats.

Background: has long been traditionally used as a memory enhancer. Nanoemulsion of ethanolic extract (NanoSECA) has been developed to improve brain functions. However, the effect of NanoSECA on enhancing memory and cognitive functions remains unexplored.

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Attenuates Cell Damage in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Transgenic Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line-Derived Neural-Like Cells: A Preliminary Study for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Centella asiatica (L.) (C. asiatica) is commonly known in South East and South East Asia communities for its nutritional and medicinal benefits.

Development and Optimization of Nanoemulsion from Ethanolic Extract of (NanoSECA) Using D-Optimal Mixture Design to Improve Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability.

The evidence on the neuroprotective impact of () has been greatly documented in recent years. However, a major obstacle that remains to be overcome is the capacity of the active molecules in to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we explored the possibilities of using a D-optimal mixture design to fabricate nanoemulsion of (NanoSECA) for better brain bioavailability.

Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Neuroprotective Effects of .

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterised by the presence of extracellular beta-amyloid fibrillary plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tau tangles in the brain. Recurring failures of drug candidates targeting these pathways have prompted research in AD multifactorial pathogenesis, including the role of neuroinflammation. Triggered by various factors, such as hypoxia, neuroinflammation is strongly linked to AD susceptibility and/or progression to dementia.

Menhaden fish oil attenuates postpartum depression in rat model via inhibition of NLRP3-inflammasome driven inflammatory pathway.

Background And Aim: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a familiar problem which is associated with about 10-20% of women after child delivery. Fish oil (FO) has a therapeutic potentials to many diseases including mood disorders. However, there is paucity of data on the effects of FO supplementation on PPD rat model.

Biocatalytic modifications of ethynodiol diacetate by fungi, anti-proliferative activity, and acetylcholineterase inhibitory of its transformed products.

The fungal transformations of ethynodiol diacetate (1) were investigated for the first-time using Botrytis cinerea, Trichothecium roseum, and R3-2 SP 17. The metabolites obtained are as following: 17α-Ethynyl-17β-acetoxyestr-4-en-3-one-15β-ol (2), 19-nor-17a-ethynyltestosterone (3), and 17α-ethynyl-3β-hydroxy-17β-acetoxyestr-4-ene (4). The new metabolite, 2 (IC = 104.

Antidepressant-Like Properties of Fish Oil on Postpartum Depression-Like Rats Model: Involvement of Serotonergic System.

Pathophysiology of postpartum depression (PPD) has been associated with many factors, such as neuroendocrine, neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter changes. Fish oil (FO) improves PPD both in humans and animals. However, little is known with regards to its pharmacology on a PPD-like rat model.

Medroxyprogesterone derivatives from microbial transformation as anti-proliferative agents and acetylcholineterase inhibitors (combined in vitro and in silico approaches).

The fungal transformations of medroxyrogesterone (1) were investigated for the first time using Cunninghamella elegans, Trichothecium roseum, and Mucor plumbeus. The metabolites obtained are as following: 6β, 20-dihydroxymedroxyprogesterone (2), 12β-hydroxymedroxyprogesterone (3), 6β, 11β-dihydroxymedroxyprogesterone (4), 16β-hydroxymedroxyprogesterone (5), 11α, 17-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione (6), 11-oxo-medroxyprogesterone (7), 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxypregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (8), and 6β-hydroxymedroxyprogesterone (9), 15β-hydroxymedroxyprogesterone (10), 6α-methyl-17α, 11β-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-3, 20-dione (11), 11β-hydroxymedroxyprogesterone (12), and 11α, 20-dihydroxymedroxyprogesterone (13). Among all the microbial transformed products, the newly isolated biotransformed product 13 showed the most potent activity against proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells.

Combining In Silico and In Vitro Studies to Evaluate the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Profile of Different Accessions and the Biomarker Triterpenes of .

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most cause of dementia in elderly adults. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important beneficial target for AD to control cholinergic signaling deficit. (CA) has proven to be rich with active ingredients for memory enhancement.

Synthesis of symmetrical bis-Schiff base-disulfide hybrids as highly effective anti-leishmanial agents.

Leishmaniasis has affected a wider part of population around the globe. Most often, the existing regiments to battle against leishmaniasis are inadequate and limited. In our ongoing efforts to develop new leishmanicidal agents, we have synthesized a series of novel and symmetrical bis-Schiff base-disulfide hybrids 1-27.

Inhibitory Effects of Raw-Extract (RECA) on Acetylcholinesterase, Inflammations, and Oxidative Stress Activities via In Vitro and In Vivo.

() is one of the medicinal plants that has been reported to exert comprehensive neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. In view of this, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of , designated as raw-extract of (RECA) in reducing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inflammations, and oxidative stress activities via both in vitro (SH-SY5Y and RAW 264.7 cells) and in vivo (Sprague Dawley rats).

Mitragynine, an euphoric compound inhibits hERG1a/1b channel current and upregulates the complexation of hERG1a-Hsp90 in HEK293-hERG1a/1b cells.

Mitragyna speciosa Korth (M. speciosa) has been widely used as a recreational product, however, there are growing concerns on the abuse potentials and toxicity of the plant. Several poisoning and fatal cases involving kratom and mitragynine have been reported but the underlying causes remain unclear.

(+)-Spectaline and Iso-6-Spectaline Induce a Possible Cross-Talk between Autophagy and Apoptosis in .

In our previous study, two known piperidine alkaloids (+)-spectaline () and iso-6-spectaline () were isolated from the leaves of and showed no toxic effect on L6 cells. In view of the potential use of piperidine alkaloids in for the treatment of sleeping sickness, further investigation on the cell death actions of the parasite after treatment with compound and suggested that the treated parasites died by a process of autophagy based on the characteristic morphological alterations observed in intracellular . In search for apoptosis, interestingly, trypanosomes treated with high concentration of compound and after 72 h significantly induced an early apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) such as phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspases activation.

Protects d-Galactose/AlCl Mediated Alzheimer's Disease-Like Rats via PP2A/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Their Hippocampus.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder more prevalent among the elderly population. AD is characterised clinically by a progressive decline in cognitive functions and pathologically by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaque and synaptic dysfunction in the brain. (CA) is a valuable herb being used widely in African, Ayurvedic, and Chinese traditional medicine to reverse cognitive impairment and to enhance cognitive functions.

Supplementation of 100% Flesh Watermelon [ (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] Juice Improves Swimming Performance in Rats.

Nutritional intervention of fruit juice supplementation is able to maximize exercise performance. Watermelon [ (Thunb.) Matsum.

Protective Effects of on Cognitive Deficits Induced by D-gal/AlCl₃ via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Attenuation of Acetylcholinesterase Level.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with cholinergic dysfunctions and impaired redox homeostasis. The plant (CA) is renowned for its nutritional benefits and herbal formulas for promoting health, enhancing cognition, and its neuroprotective effects. The present study aims to investigate the protective role of CA on D-gal/AlCl₃-induced cognitive deficits in rats.

The inhibitory effects of mitragynine on P-glycoprotein in vitro.

Mitragynine is a major component isolated from Mitragyna speciosa Korth or kratom, a medicinal plant known for its opiate-like and euphoric properties. Multiple toxicity and fatal cases involving mitragynine or kratom have been reported but the underlying causes remain unclear. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a multidrug transporter which modulates the pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics and plays a key role in mediating drug-drug interactions.

Protective effect of Centella asiatica against -galactose and aluminium chloride induced rats: Behavioral and ultrastructural approaches.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the commonest cause of dementia among the aged people. -galactose (D-gal) is a senescence agent, while aluminium is a known neurotoxin linked to pathogenesis of AD. The combined administration of rats with d-gal and aluminium chloride (AlCl) is considered to be an easy and a cheap method to obtain an animal model of AD.

Development of Isocratic RP-HPLC Method for Separation and Quantification of L-Citrulline and L-Arginine in Watermelons.

Watermelons are known to have sufficient amino acid content. In this study, watermelons grown and consumed in Malaysia were investigated for their amino acid content, L-citrulline and L-arginine, by the isocratic RP-HPLC method. Flesh and rind watermelons were juiced, and freeze-dried samples were used for separation and quantification of L-citrulline and L-arginine.

Inhibitory effects of (+)-spectaline and iso-6-spectaline from Senna spectabilis on the growth and ultrastructure of human-infective species Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream form.

In our ongoing work searching for new trypanocidal lead compounds from Malaysian plants, two known piperidine alkaloids (+)-spectaline (1) and iso-6-spectaline (2) were isolated from the leaves of Senna spectabilis (sin. Cassia spectabilis). Analysis of the H and C NMR spectra showed that 1 and 2 presented analytical and spectroscopic data in full agreement with those published in the literature.

Data on the construction of a recombinant HEK293 cell line overexpressing hERG potassium channel and examining the presence of hERG mRNA and protein expression.

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "The effects of deoxyelephantopin on the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium channel current (I) and human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) expression" (Y.F. Teah, M.

The effects of deoxyelephantopin on the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium channel current (I) and human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) expression.

Elephantopus scaber Linn and its major bioactive component, deoxyelephantopin are known for their medicinal properties and are often reported to have various cytotoxic and antitumor activities. This plant is widely used as folk medicine for a plethora of indications although its safety profile remains unknown. Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the cardiac I current which is a determinant of the duration of ventricular action potentials and QT interval.

Synthesis and molecular modelling studies of phenyl linked oxadiazole-phenylhydrazone hybrids as potent antileishmanial agents.

Molecular hybridization yielded phenyl linked oxadiazole-benzohydrazones hybrids 6-35 and were evaluated for their antileishmanial potentials. Compound 10, a 3,4-dihydroxy analog with IC value of 0.95 ± 0.

Morphine Antidependence of (Miq.) Kurz in Neurotransmission Processes .

Opiate abuse has been studied to cause adaptive changes observed in the presynaptic release and the mediated-synaptic plasticity proteins. The involvement of neuronal SNARE proteins reveals the role of the neurotransmitter release in expressing the opioid actions. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the alkaloid extract of () against chronic morphine and the influences of on neurotransmission processes observed .