Guillain-Barré Syndrome following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for bladder cancer: a rare and intriguing case report.

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is a standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, but some patients experience side effects that lead to treatment discontinuation. Local side effects are typically mild, while systemic side effects can be severe and life-threatening. BCG therapy has immunotherapy effects on bladder cancer, but the mechanism is not fully understood.

Genetic aberrations of homologous recombination repair pathways in prostate cancer: The prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene defects have been identified in a significant proportion of metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) and are associated with an increased risk of PC and more aggressive PC. Importantly, it has been well-documented that poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition in cells with HR deficiency (HRD) can cause cell death.

Adverse Events and Tolerability of Combined Durvalumab and Tremelimumab versus Durvalumab Alone in Solid Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Recently, the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab, two immune checkpoint inhibitors, for the treatment of different types of cancers has been considered; however, its overall effects, including its safety, are still unclear and need to be further investigated. Objectives: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the safety and tolerability of this combination of drugs. Methods: A systematic review of the literature, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, was conducted by employing online electronic databases and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Meeting Library.

A rare case of renal artery aneurysm - dawning of new treatment approach.

Renal artery aneurysms are a rare occurrence, with a prevalence of about <1%. The majority of patients are asymptomatic and are diagnosed through incidental findings on imaging. In very rare occurrences, the aneurysm can rupture and cause significant morbidity and even death.

Oncological Response and Predictive Biomarkers for the Checkpoint Inhibitors in Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Unlabelled: Recently, checkpoint inhibitors have been investigated in metastatic prostate cancer, however their overall effect is unclear and needs to be further investigated.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the oncological response of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods: Based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, a systematic review of the literature was conducted through online electronic databases and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Meeting Library.

Single-Port versus Multiple-Port Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Single-port robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy has been reported as a safe and feasible technique. However, recent studies comparing single-port versus multiple-port robotic radical prostatectomy have displayed conflicting results.

Objectives: To investigate the benefit of single-port robotic radical prostatectomy and the impact on outcome compared to multiple-port robotic radical prostatectomy.

Neoadjuvant Therapy Using Checkpoint Inhibitors before Radical Cystectomy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care before radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Recently, checkpoint inhibitors have been investigated as a neoadjuvant treatment after the reported efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the role of checkpoint inhibitors as a neoadjuvant treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer before radical cystectomy.

Linitis plastica of the rectum secondary to metastatic prostate cancer: A case report of a rare presentation and literature review.

Linitis plastica is a rare tumor with poor prognosis. It is a circumferentially infiltrating intramural tumor which can result in rigid, nondistensible thickening of the affected organ. It most commonly affects the stomach, followed by the rectum, and can be due to primary or secondary cancer.

Impact of Preoperative Stenting on the Outcome of Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for Upper Urinary Tract Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative stenting (POS) on the perioperative outcomes of flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS).

Materials And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on the PRISMA statement. From the initially retrieved 609 reports, we excluded the ineligible studies at 2 stages.

Urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Currently, identified factors for urethral recurrence (UR) are based on individual reporting which has displayed controversy. In addition, risk of UR is one of the limiting factors to offer neobladder diversion during radical cystectomy (RC). We aim to systematically evaluate the incidence and risk factors of UR post-RC and its effect on survival.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the oncological long-term outcomes after trimodality therapy and radical cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the oncological long-term outcomes of trimodal therapy (TMT) and radical cystectomy (RC) for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Patients And Methods: A systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines for studies reporting on outcomes after TMT and RC. A total of 57 studies including 30,293 patients were included.

The Role of Radical Prostatectomy and Radiotherapy in Treatment of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The role of radical prostatectomy (RP) is still controversial for locally advanced prostate cancer (PC). Radiotherapy (RT) and hormonal therapy (HT) are usually used as a primary treatment.

Material And Methods: A systematic online search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement.

Total proximal ureter substitution using buccal mucosa.

The surgical treatment of a long proximal ureteral stricture is a challenging situation for reconstructive surgeons. Despite the underlying morbidities, ileal interposition and autotransplantation are the options available to treat complex cases of long segment ureteral stricture. Buccal mucosa has shown excellent results in urethroplasty.

Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Value of Incidental Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Radical Cystoprostatectomy Specimens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 13,140 Patients.

Purpose: There is controversy in the literature about the oncologic significance of incidental prostate cancer detected at radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: An online search was done for studies reporting incidental prostate cancer in cystoprostatectomy specimens. After following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines we identified a total of 34 reports containing 13,140 patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer with no previous history of prostate cancer.

The current status of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic bladder cancer.

For many decades, no significant improvements could be achieved to prolong the survival in metastatic bladder cancer. Recently, systemic immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4) has been introduced as a novel treatment modality for patients with metastatic bladder cancer. We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement for data published on the clinical efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic bladder cancer.

Systemic anti-CTLA-4 and intravesical Bacille-Calmette-Guerin therapy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Is there a rationale of synergism?

Although intravesical instillation of Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy was approved many decades ago as a first line therapy for intermediate to high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, its long-term efficacy is still arguable as a proportion of up to 30-40% of patients will develop recurrence or progression of their disease. Based on currently available data on the clinical application of checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue seems to be a main target for anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. In this manuscript we hypothesize that the combination of anti-CTLA-4 therapy with BCG might enhance the immune activity in the bladder submucosal tissue, and subsequently, improve oncological outcomes of NMIBC.

Role of laparoscopy in ureteropelvic junction obstruction with concomitant pathology: a case series study.

Introduction: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is considered a standard treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). However, the presence of another pathology makes it a more challenging operation and guides the surgeon towards open conversion. In this study, we present our experience in difficult pyeloplasty cases managed by laparoscopy.

Algorithm for Optimal Urethral Coverage in Hypospadias and Fistula Repair: A Systematic Review.

Context: Although urethral covering during hypospadias repair minimizes the incidence of fistula, wide variation in results among surgeons has been reported.

Objective: To investigate what type of flap used during Snodgrass or fistula repair reduces the incidence of fistula occurrence.

Evidence Acquisition: We systematically reviewed published results for urethral covering during Snodgrass and fistula repair procedures.