Upgrading sequencing batch reactor using attached biofilm.

A conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was upgraded using fixed biofilm carriers with a specific surface area around 18 m m . The upgraded SBR was investigated to remove phenol from high strength wastewater operated under various operational conditions. The operational conditions used were variable volume exchange ratio (VER) up to 75%, hydraulic retention time (HRT) from (10.

Sludge accumulation pattern inside oxidation ditch case study.

The sludge accumulation pattern of an oxidation ditch (OD) plant treating municipal wastewater was observed under dry and wet weather conditions, during 3 years of operation. The accumulation patterns along the ditches and their rates were revealed. In addition, the composition of the accumulation was investigated.

Sludge age, stability, and safety factor for the biofilm-activated sludge process reactor.

The average sludge age (theta(c)) of the activated sludge process (ASP)-biofilm were developed and verified experimentally. In addition, the stability and safety factor were investigated against theta(c). through a series of curves.

A simplified model for the steady-state biofilm-activated sludge reactor.

A simplified mathematical model is proposed to describe the steady-state completely mixed biofilm-activated sludge reactor (hybrid reactor). The model is derived based on Monod kinetic expressions and the Fickian diffusion law in biofilm. In addition, it considers all the essential concepts that describe the two types of growth (suspended and attached) and the competition between them for limiting substrate.