Photoresponse of double-stacked graphene to Infrared radiation.

We report the photoresponse of stacked graphene layers towards infrared radiation. Graphene is stacked in two configurations, namely, crossed and parallel layers. Raman analysis demonstrated a strong interaction among the stacked graphene layers.

Isolated case of mucosal histoid Hansen's disease of the nasal cavity in a post-global elimination era.

Histoid Hansen's disease is a rare form of multibacillary leprosy with distinct clinical and histopathological features. This type of leprosy is a variant of lepromatous leprosy with a very high bacterial reserve. Of alarming concern is the discovery of an isolated mucosal histoid leprotic lesion inside the nasal cavity of a patient in the post-global leprosy elimination era.

Induction of thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity by parathyroid hormone-related peptide through upregulation of TRPV1 function and trafficking.

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying chronic pain associated with cancers are not well understood. It has been hypothesized that factors specifically elevated in the tumor microenvironment sensitize adjacent nociceptive afferents. We show that parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which is found at elevated levels in the tumor microenvironment of advanced breast and prostate cancers, is a critical modulator of sensory neurons.

External tissue expansion for difficult wounds using a simple cost effective technique.

Objective: To study and discuss role of external tissue expansion and wound closure (ETEWC) technique using hooks and rubber bands.

Materials And Methods: The present study is a retrospective analysis of nine cases of wounds of different aetiology where ETEWC technique was applied using hooks and rubber bands.

Results: All the wounds in the study healed completely without split thickness skin graft (SSG) or flap.

Synthesis of γ-Acetoxy β-Keto Esters Through Regioselective Hydration of γ-Acetoxy-α,β-alkynoates.

The Au(I)-catalyzed regioselective hydration of γ-acetoxy-α,β-acetylinic ester by the assistance of a neighboring carbonyl group has been developed. Varieties of simple primary, secondary, and tertiary γ-acetoxy-α,β-acetylinic esters, even those bearing sensitive functional group in the remote reaction sites, are selectively hydrated to the corresponding β-keto esters. The reaction tolerates a wide variety of other carboxylates, such as benzoates, propionates, acrylates, and pivalates, including chiral carboxylates with retention of the configuration.

Sensory TRP channels: the key transducers of nociception and pain.

Peripheral detection of nociceptive and painful stimuli by sensory neurons involves a complex repertoire of molecular detectors and/or transducers on distinct subsets of nerve fibers. The majority of such molecular detectors/transducers belong to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels, which comprise both specific receptors for distinct nociceptive stimuli, as well as for multiple stimuli. This chapter discusses the classification, distribution, and functional properties of individual TRP channel types that have been implicated in various nociceptive and/or painful conditions.

Resolution of tubercular abscess with antitubercular treatment.

Tubercular brain abscess is a rare manifestation of neurotuberculosis. Large brain absceses are usually surgically treated. We report a case of tubercular brain abscesses in left cerebellar hemisphere and right parietal lobe in a child who was treated surgically for the cerebellar abscess and conservatively with antitubercular drug for parietal abscess.

Biofilm as a virulence marker in Candida species in Nosocomial blood stream infection and its correlation with antifungal resistance.

Nosocomial blood stream infections (BSI) due to fungi especially Candida is increasing steadily. A two year prospective study was conducted in the S.C.

Total synthesis of Ivorenolide A following a base-induced elimination protocol.

A concise and stereocontrolled first total synthesis of Ivorenolide A (1) is reported in 16 longest linear steps with a 13.4% overall yield starting from (+)-diethyl tartrate (DET). Key features are base-induced elimination protocol for the construction of chiral propargyl alcohols in both fragments, Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of terminal acetylenes, and Shiina's 2-methyl-6-nitrobezoic anhydride (MNBA) mediated macrolactonization.

Highly stereocontrolled synthesis of trans-2,6-disubstituted-5-methyl-3,6-dihydropyrans: stereoselective synthesis of the bicyclic core of penostatin B.

An efficient, mild, and highly diastereoselective strategy for the synthesis of trans-2,6-disubstituted-5-methyl-3,6-dihydropyran ring systems has been developed starting from δ-hydroxy α-methyl α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZnBr2 in a highly diastereoselective manner with excellent yield. The versatility of the above method was also demonstrated for the construction of the bicyclic core present in penostatin B in a concise and highly stereoselective manner.

XRCC-1 Gene Polymorphism (Arg399Gln) and Susceptibility to Development of Lung Cancer in Cohort of North Indian Population: A Pilot Study.

Background: Smoking has been considered to be the major cause of lung cancer. However, only a fraction of cigarette smokers develop this disease. This suggests the importance of genetic constitution in predicting the individual's susceptibility towards lung cancer.

Encapsulation of black carrot juice using spray and freeze drying.

Black carrot juice extracted using pectinase enzyme was encapsulated in three different carrier materials (maltodextrin 20DE, gum arabic and tapioca starch) using spray drying at four inlet temperatures (150, 175, 200 and 225 ℃) and freeze drying at a constant temperature of - 53 ℃ and vacuum of 0.22-0.11 mbar with the constant feed mixture.

The protecting-group directed diastereoselective Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction: total synthesis and biological evaluation of zeaenol, 7-epi-zeaenol and its analogues.

The stereoselective total synthesis of zeaenol and 7-epi-zeaenol is achieved in a convergent manner using Julia-Kocienski olefination, protecting group-directed intermolecular diastereoselective Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction, De Brabander's lactonization reaction and CBS reduction as the key steps. In this article, we have observed the most suitable protecting groups with respect to selectivity during the protecting group directed intermolecular asymmetric Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. The zeaenol, 7-epi-zeaenol and its derivatives were analyzed for their biological activity and screened in four cancer cell lines.

Enhanced photoresponse in monolayer hydrogenated graphene photodetector.

We report the photoresponse of a hydrogenated graphene (H-graphene)-based infrared (IR) photodetector that is 4 times higher than that of pristine graphene. An enhanced photoresponse in H-graphene is attributed to the longer photoinduced carrier lifetime and hence a higher internal quantum efficiency of the device. Moreover, a variation in the angle of incidence of IR radiation demonstrated a nonlinear photoresponse of the detector, which can be attributed to the photon drag effect.

Nonlinear optical absorption in a graphene infrared photodetector.

The photoresponse of the graphene photodetector elucidated strong dependence on several optical parameters, such as the angle of incidence and the incident power of infrared exposure at room temperature. The sinusoidal dependence of the photoresponse on incidence angle, which had not been realized before, has now been revealed. The combined effect of the photo excited charge carrier and the photon drag effect explain this nonlinear optical absorption in graphene at lower incident power.

Interference with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in vascular smooth muscle causes baroreflex impairment and autonomic dysfunction.

S-P467L mice expressing dominant negative peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ selectively in vascular smooth muscle exhibit impaired vasodilation, augmented vasoconstriction, hypertension, and tachycardia. We hypothesized that tachycardia in S-P467L mice is a result of baroreflex dysfunction. S-P467L mice displayed increased sympathetic traffic to the heart and decreased baroreflex gain and effectiveness.

Photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine in wastewater by using a new class of whey-stabilized nanocrystalline TiO2 and ZnO.

Nanoscale photocatalysts have attracted much attention due to their high surface area to volume ratios. However, due to extremely high reactivity, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles prepared using different methods tend to either react with surrounding media or agglomerate, resulting in the formation of much larger flocs and significant loss in reactivity. This work investigates the photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ), a persistent pharmaceutical compound from wastewater (WW) using TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles prepared in the presence of a water-soluble whey powder as stabilizer.

Psychogenic limp in a child: are we aware of it?

A 10-year-old child presented with a limp for 9 months. The child was keeping his right knee extended and foot in the equinus position. The child had been investigated by numerous laboratory investigations and imaging procedures during the initial 9 months, but no organic cause was found.

Rugulactone derivatives act as inhibitors of NF-κB activation and modulates the transcription of NF-κB dependent genes in MDA-MB-231cells.

Rugulactone and its analogues were synthesized following Horners-Wadsworth-Emmons and ring-closing metathesis as the key reactions. A library of new rugulactone analogues were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity in breast cancer cells. All analogues have shown anti-proliferative activity, while some of them exhibited significant cytotoxicity.