Effect of caudal bupivacaine alone and with adjuvant fentanyl and nalbuphine to minimize the catheter-related bladder discomfort after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A prospective randomized study.

Background And Aims: Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is a major cause of postoperative morbidity following urological procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of caudal bupivacaine alone and with adjuvant fentanyl and nalbuphine to minimize the severity of CRBD after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Material And Methods: A randomized prospective study was conducted on one hundred thirty-two (American society of Anaesthesiologist physical status I to II) patients who presented for tubeless PCNL under general anesthesia.

A novel biological model for training in percutaneous renal access.

: To develop a new model comprised of a bovine kidney within a chicken carcass for training in percutaneous renal access (PRA) and compare its effectiveness with the traditional mannequin model. : The study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2017. The content and the construct validity of the new model were confirmed after which it was compared with the traditional non-biological model for PRA.

EMS Lithoclast Trilogy™: an effective single-probe dual-energy lithotripter for mini and standard PCNL.

Purpose: Several energy sources are available to clear stones during PCNL. Required improvements are faster stone clearance, optimized suction and ease of use while maintaining high patient safety standard. EMS LithoClast Trilogy, is the first device combining electromagnetic impactor with ultrasonic energy and suction, all-in-one probe.

Analysis of factors affecting radiation exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures.

Objectives: To measure and analyse various factors affecting radiation exposure (RE) to surgeons during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Patients And Methods: A total of 212 patients who underwent PCNL were analysed. Informed consent was obtained from all enrolled patients.

Changing trends in the endourological management of urolithiasis in anomalous kidneys.

Objectives: To present our single-centre experience of urolithiasis management in anomalous kidneys, highlighting the need for an algorithm-based approach in deciding the appropriate treatment method for each type.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of all the patients who presented to our renal unit with urolithiasis in an anomalous kidney between January 1990 and July 2014. The peri-operative characteristics of all the patients, along with management approach, were studied.

Review of techniques for ultrasonic determination of kidney stone size.

Introduction: Imaging is a vital cog in the wheel of diagnosis and management of patients suspected with renal and ureteric calculi, and it is imperative to choose the appropriate investigation that is accurate as well as safe for the patient. At present, computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for a patient suspected to have stone disease. However, CT scan is associated with the hazards of radiation and high cost.

Face, content, and construct validity of a novel chicken model for laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation.

Introduction: Simulation-based training in laparoscopic urology is essential, as these surgeries require a different skill set. We validated a chicken model for laparoscopic left modified Lich Gregoir type of ureteric reimplantation.

Materials And Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted from August 2016 till February 2017.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) a critical review.

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment of choice for renal calculi. PCNL has evolved remarkably since the eighties when it was first described.

Approach: Approach might be by either supine or prone and the access is made with the help of either fluoroscopy or ultrasound.