Crystal structure studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-(di-methyl-aza-nium-yl)-2-hy-droxy-anilinium dichloride monohydrate at 90 K.

The crystal structure and a Hirshfeld surface analysis of the substituted anilinium salt 4-(di-methyl-aza-nium-yl)-2-hy-droxy-anilinium dichloride monohydrate, CHNO·2Cl·HO, at low temperature (90 K) are presented. The organic cation is essentially planar: the r.m.

Synthesis and crystal structure studies of 5-(tri-fluoro-meth-yl)-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2(3)-one at 180 K.

The synthesis and crystal structure of CHFNOS, systematic name 5-(tri-fluoro-meth-yl)-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2(3)-one (5-TMD-2-one), a compound containing the pharmacologically important heterocycle 1,3,4-thia-diazole, is presented. The asymmetric unit comprises six independent mol-ecules (' = 6), all of which are planar. The r.

Syntheses, crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of four mol-ecular salts of amitriptynol.

The syntheses and crystal structures of four salts of amitriptynol (CHNO) with different carb-oxy-lic acids are described. The salts formed directly from solutions of amitriptyline (which first hydrolysed to amitriptynol) and the cor-responding acid in aceto-nitrile to form amitriptynolium [sys-tem-atic name: (3-{2-hy-droxy-tri-cy-clo[9.4.

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of -(4-fluoro-phen-yl)--isopropyl-2-(methyl-sulfon-yl)acetamide.

The synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound, CHFNOS, which is related to the herbicide flufenacet, are presented. The dihedral angle between the amide group and the fluorinated benzene ring is 87.30 (5)° and the N-C-C-S torsion angle defining the orientation of the methyl-sulfonyl substituent relative to the amide group is 106.

Indian Guidelines on Nebulization Therapy.

Inhalational therapy, today, happens to be the mainstay of treatment in obstructive airway diseases (OADs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is also in the present, used in a variety of other pulmonary and even non-pulmonary disorders. Hand-held inhalation devices may often be difficult to use, particularly for children, elderly, debilitated or distressed patients. Nebulization therapy emerges as a good option in these cases besides being useful in the home care, emergency room and critical care settings.

4-Nitro-2-phenoxy-aniline.

In the title compound, C(12)H(10)N(2)O(3), the oxygen atom bridging the two aromatic rings is in a synperiplanar (+sp) conformation. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 71.40 (12)°.

Early adipocere formation: a case report and review of literature.

Adipocere has a long history of frightening and fascinating mankind, from so called "incorruptible saints" to the famous "iceman" and its formation on human remains has long been known and feared. Adipocere formation replaces the putrefactive changes, when the body lies buried in shallow, moist, clay, soiled grave or it is thrown into cess pools or submerged in water. As the progression of putrefaction is arrested, the facial features and wounds are preserved without much alteration, thereby aiding the identification and to certain extent, the cause of death.

Sudden death due to pulmonary aspergillosis.

Sudden death due to respiratory pathology is not uncommon and tuberculosis with its complications is well known to cause death. We report a case of a male, train passenger, who started coughing out blood and died on reaching the hospital. Medicolegal autopsy confirmed the sudden unexpected death to be due to pulmonary aspergillosis in the person with past medical history of tuberculosis.

Skeletal asymmetry.

Bilateral variations in dimensions of upper and lower limb bones are attributable to difference in mechanical stress and strain that the bones are subjected to during bone growth, and is referred to as directional asymmetry. This skeletal asymmetry in the upper limbs is usually prominent on the dominant side while in lower limbs on the other side, possibly due to supportive contra lateral muscle contractions, that influence the bone growth. This contra lateral dominance in upper and lower limbs is known as cross-symmetry pattern.

Circulatory response to repeated exercise in patients with chronic lung disease.

The pulmonary and systemic circulatory response to repeated exercise has been studied in 24 patients with chronic lung disease, mainly chronic bronchitis. The exercise consisted of supine bicycling at a constant low load (from loadless pedalling to 30 W) for 10 min with a 20 min rest period between exercises. Cardiac output was similar during the first (E1) and the second (E2) exercise periods, as well as pulmonary vascular resistance.

Variability of the pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in chronic bronchitis.

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is considered as one of the factors leading to pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic bronchitis, but the magnitude and the variability of the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia in these patients have not been well established. We investigated the pulmonary hemodynamic changes induced by breathing two hypoxic mixtures (FIO2 = 0.15 and 0.

Haematological and hormonal responses to dynamic exercise in patients with chronic airway obstruction.

The influence of exercise on hormonal and total white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (L). Granulocytes (GR), and platelet (P) count responses was studied in: twenty-five patients with chronic airway obstruction (CAO, 47 +/- 1.8 years, mean +/- SEM) and thirteen normal subjects (N, 36 +/- 2.

Leukocyte, lymphocyte and platelet response to dynamic exercise. Duration or intensity effect?

The influence of work intensity and duration on the white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (L) and platelet (P) count response to exercise was studied in 16 trained subjects (22 +/- 5.4 years, means +/- SD). They performed three cyclo-ergospirometric protocols: A) 10 min at 150 W followed by a progressive test (30 W/3 min) till exhaustion; B) constant maximal work (VO2max); C) a 45 min Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET), (n = 5).

Hypercapnia during maximal exercise in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.

The pattern of breathing during maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) was studied in 26 patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), in whom the vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and residual volume (RV) were measured. The patients performed, on a cycle ergometer, in a sitting position, a submaximal (A) and a maximal (B) exercise in a single session during which three arterial blood samples (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, lactate) were taken: the first at rest, the second at the 10th min of steady-state 40 W exercise, and the third at maximal VO2. VE, VCO2, VO2, respiratory rate (RR) and VT were measured with an open circuit.

Maximal ventilation at rest and exercise in patients with chronic pulmonary disease.

74 subjects of different ages: normal children, 19 boys (A) and 7 girls (C) aged between 11 and 15 years; asthmatic boys (n = 7, group B) and girls (n = 7, group D), with similar ages; normal male adult subjects (n = 10, group E) and pulmonary patients with restrictive (n = 8, group G) or obstructive (n = 16, group F) ventilatory impairment, were submitted to measurements of vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s, (FEV1), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), maximal peak expiratory (PEF) and inspiratory (PIF) flows at rest, and two maximal exercise stress tests in which the ventilation at maximal exercise (MEV) were retained. Indirect MVV was obtained by multiplying the FEV1 by 35 and 37.5.

Oxygen uptake at maximal exercises in chronic airflow obstruction.

In order to gain a better understanding of maximal oxygen uptake in patients with chronic airflow obstruction, we compared the results of three different cyclo-ergospirometric protocols: progressive (30 W/3 min), constant and trapezoidal (10 min of 40 W + 30 W/3 min), in 26 male chronic bronchitis from 30 to 65 years of age. Eleven normal subjects of similar ages served as a control group. VE, VCO2, VO2, respiratory rate (RR) and VT were measured with an open circuit.