Solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas: A lesser known entity-diagnosis and pitfalls: A case report.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare pancreatic neoplasm with a reported incidence of 0.1% to 2.7% of all pancreatic tumors.

Cytodiagnosis of a Cutaneous Clear Cell Malignancy: Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma on Chin.

Clear cell type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is most common urological malignancy. Several diagnostic challenges arise when it presents as a cutaneous nodule, being an uncommon presentation. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a cutaneous nodule is crucial for distinguishing primary tumours from metastatic tumours because cutaneous metastases represent a terminal stage of illness.

Decreased expression of heat shock proteins may lead to compromised wound healing in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Background: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are inducible stress proteins expressed in cells exposed to stress. HSPs promote wound healing by recruitment of dermal fibroblasts to the site of injury and bring about protein homeostasis. Diabetic wounds are hard to heal and inadequate HSPs may be important contributors in the etiology of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).

Increased expression of endosomal members of toll-like receptor family abrogates wound healing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The inflammatory phase of wound healing cascade is an important determinant of the fate of the wound. Acute inflammation is necessary to initiate proper wound healing, while chronic inflammation abrogates wound healing. Different endosomal members of toll-like receptor (TLR) family initiate inflammatory signalling via a range of different inflammatory mediators such as interferons, internal tissue damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and hyperactive effector T cells.

Genetic and epigenetic alterations in Toll like receptor 2 and wound healing impairment in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aim: Persistent hyperglycemic microenvironment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to the development of secondary complications like wound healing impairment. Proper co-ordination of innate immune system plays an integral role in wound healing. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are prominent contributors for the induction of the innate immune and inflammation response.

Differential Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene in Wounds of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Cases With Susceptible -1562C>T Genotypes and Wound Severity.

Coordinated extracellular matrix deposition is a prerequisite for proper wound healing which is mainly orchestrated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Diabetic wounds generally show compromised wound healing cascade and abnormal MMP9 concentration is one of the cause. Our group have recently shown that the polymorphism -1562 C>T in the promoter region of MMP9 gene is associated with pathogenesis of wound healing impairment in T2DM patients.