Pharmacological Vitamin C-induced high HO generation mediates apoptotic cell death by caspase 3/7 activation in breast cancer tumor spheroids.

Background: Pharmacological vitamin C (Vit-C), or high-dose Vit-C has recently gained attention as a potential cancer therapeutic. However, the anticancer activity of Vit-C has not been investigated in realistic 3D models of human cancers, especially with respect to breast cancer (BC), and its potential benefits remain under debate. Herein, we investigate the activity and mechanism of action of pharmacological Vit-C on two BC tumor spheroids.

Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin E in Ocular Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Update on the Emerging Evidence and Therapeutic Implications.

Vitamin E is renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, crucial for shielding cells against oxidative stress and damage. Deficiency in this vitamin can lead to various health issues, including neurodegenerative diseases, due to its pivotal role in preserving cell membrane integrity and combating cellular oxidative damage. While its importance for overall health, including neurodegeneration, is acknowledged, the specific correlation between vitamin E deficiency and distinct ocular neurodegenerative disorders need to be further explored.

Rotavirus Prevalence in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in Somalia in 2020-2023: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study.

Purpose: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe and fatal diarrhea in African children. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis admitted to a tertiary hospital in Somalia.

Patients And Methods: 5804 children who applied with complaints of acute gastroenteritis between January 2020 and December 2023 were examined retrospectively.

augments NK cell cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231).

Background: Natural killer cells (NK cells) are essential in cancer immunosurveillance in the body as they can recognize cancer cells that lacking MHC class 1 on their surface. Regulatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-18, IL-12, IL-10, IL-8, interferon- (IFN-), and secretory granules like perforin and granzyme are involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Stimulating NK cells cytotoxicity towards cancer cells is an ideal strategy to combat cancer naturally.

Understanding the role of TNFR2 signaling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women. It is characterized by a high level of heterogeneity that emerges from the interaction of several cellular and soluble components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as cytokines, tumor cells and tumor-associated immune cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 (TNFR2) appears to play a significant role in microenvironmental regulation, tumor progression, immune evasion, drug resistance, and metastasis of many types of cancer, including BC.

The role of andrographolide as a potential anticancer agent against gastric cancer cell lines: a systematic review.

Objective: To critically analyse literature on the anticancer properties of andrographolide in studies on gastric cancer cells.

Method: This study systematically reviewed articles from 2013 to 2024 across five prominent databases; PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct, EMBASE, Cochrane library and DOAJ. The study eligibility criteria include original studies assessing using gastric cancer cell lines and articles utilizing extracted andrographolide from or standard andrographolide source treatment.

Liposomal topical drug administration surpasses alternative methods in glaucoma therapeutics: a novel paradigm for enhanced treatment.

Objectives: Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent blindness. Despite therapeutic advancements, glaucoma management remains challenging due to limitations of conventional drug delivery, primarily topical eye drops, resulting in suboptimal outcomes and a global surge in cases. To address these issues, liposomal drug delivery has emerged as a promising approach.

The Effect of Exercise on Immune Response in Population with Increased Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to provide information on existing interventional studies that evaluate the efficacy of exercise in populations with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through immune functional perspectives. A literature search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis and ScienceDirect from January 2012 to February 2023. The articles were screened and evaluated for quality before data were extracted.

The Prevalence and Determinants of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among TIIDM patients in Mogadishu, Somalia, and identify predicting factors, as there is limited research on these disorders in Somalia.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients with TIIDM from November 2023 to January 2024 at Erdogan Hospital, in the capital city of Somalia. A total of 360 participants were recruited using the systematic sampling technique.

Towards understanding the role of nanomedicine in targeting TNFR2 in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the synovium and progressive joint destruction which significantly affects both quality of life and socioeconomic status. Admittedly, various treatments are available, but they are usually accompanied by various side effects, from mild to severe, and potentially with adverse events. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of RA.

CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T-cells in Modulating Inflammatory Microenvironment in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Progress and Future Prospect.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) characterized by the presence of nasal polyps (NP) in the paranasal mucosa. Despite the complex etiology, NP is believed to result from chronic inflammation. The long-term aftermath of the type 2 response is responsible for symptoms seen in NP patients, i.

Efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel in metastatic gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

Nab-paclitaxel is formulated to address several limitations of paclitaxel. A systematic review was done of several databases and a meta-analysis with a random-effects model was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel in metastatic gastric cancer (MGC). Included studies revealed that nab-paclitaxel provides a 30.

Needlestick and Sharps Injuries Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.

Background: Healthcare workers are still at risk from needlesticks and sharps injuries, which can expose them to blood-borne diseases like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. We aimed to investigate the proportion of needlesticks and sharps injuries among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital in Somalia and also evaluate associated risk factors.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital.

Distribution of the Intestinal Parasites According to Species and Gender in Patients Presented to the Microbiology Laboratory in a Tertiary Hospital, in Somalia Between January 2018 and October 2022.

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to determine the 5-year prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients admitted to the Microbiology laboratory of a tertiary hospital in Somalia. Intestinal parasites; Types of patients, age and sex of the patients, and the distribution by years were examined.

Patients And Methods: Stool samples were examined using wet preparation, native lugol and trichrome staining methods.

Age at Natural Menopause and Influencing Factors in Women Attending the Gynecological Outpatient Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Menopause is the irreversible cessation of menstruation that results from the lack of ovarian follicular function and is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea without reasonable cause. This study aims to determine the average age at natural menopause and identify its associated factors among Somali women.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Mogadishu Somalia Türkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan research and training hospital's Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic between June 1 and July 1, 2023.

Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher incidence of DM globally, more DR cases are expected to be seen in the future.

Aberrant frequency of TNFR2-expressing CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

TNFR2 is a surface marker of highly suppressive subset of CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in humans and mice. This study examined the TNFR2 expression by Tregs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and healthy controls. The proliferation, migration, survival of TNFR2+ Tregs, and association with clinicopathological characteristics were assessed.

Do Attitude, Awareness and Intention to Perform Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting for Their Daughters of Women Healthcare Providers Differ from Mothers in Somalia?

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether there were differences in attitude, awareness, and intention to perform female genital mutilation or cutting for their daughters in the future between female healthcare providers and mothers.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study design was used.

Results: A total of 508 women were included in the study.

The NF-κB Transcriptional Network Is a High-Dose Vitamin C-Targetable Vulnerability in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer type among women with a distinct clinical presentation, but the survival rate remains moderate despite advances in multimodal therapy. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the molecular etiology is required for the development of more effective treatments for BC. The relationship between inflammation and tumorigenesis is well established, and the activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is frequently identified in BC.

The Epigenesis of Salivary Glands Carcinoma: From Field Cancerization to Carcinogenesis.

Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are a diverse collection of malignant tumors with marked differences in biological activity, clinical presentation and microscopic appearance. Although the etiology is varied, secondary radiation, oncogenic viruses as well as chromosomal rearrangements have all been linked to the formation of SGCs. Epigenetic modifications may also contribute to the genesis and progression of SGCs.

An Analysis of the Rate, Indications, and Associated Maternal Mortality for Cesarean Sections at a Tertiary Care Hospital, First Report from Somalia.

Background: There has been an increase in worldwide cesarean section rates, although they remain low in most Sub-Saharan African countries, including Somalia. The present is the first hospital-based study that analyzes the rate, indications, and associated maternal mortality of cesarean deliveries reported from Somalia.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed data of all deliveries from 2015 to 2021 using electronic medical records in the hospital information system.