In vitro cytotoxic effects of benzalkonium chloride on adenovirus.

Objective: To investigate the in vitro effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) at various concentrations and dosing schedules on adenoviral infection.

Methods: Adenovirus was placed in Refeed media and at 30 min after infection, various concentrations and doses of BAK were placed into the 1 mL solution. All assays were incubated at 37 degrees C.

Inner retinal layer thinning in Parkinson disease.

Objective: To quantify retinal thickness in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: Forty-five eyes of 24 PD patients and 31 eyes of 17 control subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. We used optical coherence tomography to examine retinal thickness, separately quantifying the inner and outer retinal layers.

The effect of background spatial contrast on electroretinographic responses in the human retina.

The electroretinogram (ERG) was obtained to contrast modulation (CM). This stimulus is a product of temporal modulation of the contrast of a spatial sinusoid at constant mean luminance. Mean contrast (10-40%), and modulation depth (25-1.