Recycling solid waste to produce eco-friendly ultra-high performance concrete: A review of durability, microstructure and environment characteristics.

Recycling waste materials (WMs) is a cost-effective method for saving natural resources, protecting the environment, and reducing the use of high-carbon raw materials. This review aims to illustrate the impact of solid waste on the durability and microstructure of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and to provide guidance for the research of eco-friendly UHPC. The results show that the proper use of solid waste to replace part of the binder or aggregate has a positive effect on the performance development of UHPC, but further enhancement techniques should be developed.