Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in healthy adult bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). New echocardiographic indices in Old World monkeys.

Objectives: Macaques are used in cardiovascular and metabolic research. We determined echocardiographic-derived reference values of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in healthy adult bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata).

Methods: Transthoracic echocardiography was performed during ketamine sedation in 83 (67% female) healthy monkeys (age 7-26 years).

The effects of head-out-of-water immersion on arterial wave reflection in healthy adults.

Swimming/hydrotherapy produces hemodynamic and physiological changes related to water immersion (WI). To evaluate the effects of head out (HO) WI on central hemodynamics, we prospectively studied 21 healthy subjects (62% male, age 37 +/- 13 years). Central aortic blood pressures (CA-BPs) and reflected wave properties were evaluated using applanation tonometry at baseline and upon 2 minutes of waist (W) and mid-chest (C) HOWI.