Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Pumps Used in Cardiovascular Investigations: Focus on Flow Generation Principles and Characteristics of Generated Flows.

A comprehensive analysis of in vitro pumps used in cardiovascular research is provided in this review, with a focus on the characteristics of generated flows and principles of flow generations. The cardiovascular system, vital for nutrient circulation and waste removal, generates complex hemodynamics critical for endothelial cell function. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) could be caused by the disturbances in these flows, including aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and heart defects.

Ruminant Production from Napier Grass ( Schum): A Review.

Napier grass ( Schumach) supports a significant proportion of animal production in subtropical and tropical regions, but its quality is low and when offered alone, results in low ruminant production. Shifting the management of Napier grass towards a higher-quality feed increased milk yield and liveweight gain for small, mature cattle without supplementation. This review highlights the opportunity for further increases in milk and meat production for differing classes of livestock in the tropics and subtropics by improving the nutritive value of Napier grass using new best management practice flowing on to improve food security for the millions of people in these regions.

British South Asian ancestry participants views of pharmacogenomics clinical implementation and research: a thematic analysis.

Background: South Asian ancestry populations are underrepresented in genomic studies and therapeutics trials. British South Asians suffer from multi-morbidity leading to polypharmacy. Our objective was to elucidate British South Asian ancestry community perspectives on pharmacogenomic implementation and sharing pharmacogenomic clinical data for research.

Medical Waste Incineration Fly Ash as a Mineral Filler in Dense Bituminous Course in Flexible Pavements.

Medical waste incineration fly ash (MWIFA) contains heavy metals that are toxic by nature and pose numerous health risks. The paper deals with the suitability of MWIFA as a mineral filler in the bituminous layer as an alternative to conventional stone dust (SD) through an appropriate combination of engineering and environmental assessments. Engineering parameters, such as Marshall stability, stability loss, flow, unit weight, air voids (V), voids filled with asphalt (VFA), and voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) of the asphalt mixtures, were evaluated with varying filler ratios, from 2% to 10%.

Weight Gain, Glucose Tolerance, and the Gut Microbiome of Male C57BL/6J Mice Housed on Corncob or Paper Bedding and Fed Normal or High-Fat Diet.

Understanding how differences in animal husbandry practices affect the reproducibility of research results is critical. We sought to understand how different beddings might influence dietary obesity studies. We compared the effects of paper and corncob bedding on weight gain, metabolism, and gut microbiome (GM) of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet (ND) and evaluated effects on fecal and cecal microbiomes collected from these cohorts after euthanasia.

Automated Monitoring of Panting for Feedlot Cattle: Sensor System Accuracy and Individual Variability.

Heat stress causes significant economic losses by reducing the productivity and welfare of cattle whilst requiring a significant investment in resource for amelioration. Panting score (PS) is considered a robust indicator of cattle heat stress; however, individualised visual monitoring is impractical. Thermal index-based monitoring and mitigation decisions are applied at the herd level, but they have limited application for the individual animal.

The intake pattern and feed preference of layer hens selected for high or low feed conversion ratio.

Feed accounts for the greatest proportion of egg production costs and there is substantial variation in feed to egg conversion ratio (FCR) efficiency between individual hens. Despite this understanding, there is a paucity of information regarding layer hen feeding behaviour, diet selection and its impact on feed efficiency. It was hypothesised that variation in feed to egg conversion efficiency between hens may be influenced by feeding behaviour.

Co-subsistence of avian influenza virus subtypes of low and high pathogenicity in Bangladesh: Challenges for diagnosis, risk assessment and control.

Endemic co-circulation of potentially zoonotic avian influenza viruses (AIV) of subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 (G1 lineage) in poultry in Bangladesh accelerated diversifying evolution. Two clinical samples from poultry obtained in 2016 yielded five different subtypes (highly pathogenic [HP] H5N1, HP H5N2, HP H7N1, HP H7N2, H9N2) and eight genotypes of AIV by plaque purification. H5 sequences grouped with clade 2.

Milk Yield, Milk Composition, and the Nutritive Value of Feed Accessed Varies with Milking Order for Pasture-Based Dairy Cattle.

(1) Background: Pasture varies in its chemical composition from the top of the sward to the base and cattle prefer to eat the leaf fraction. In pasture-based dairy systems, cattle predominantly walk back to pasture voluntarily after each milking, with the first cattle arriving to pasture hours before the last. Here we study the impact of pasture composition according to milking order on milk yield and milk composition for dairy cattle offered grazed ryegrass pasture.

Both genome segments contribute to the pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide. Very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strains have emerged and induce as much as 60% mortality. The molecular basis for vvIBDV pathogenicity is not understood, and the relative contributions of the two genome segments, A and B, to this phenomenon are not known.

Interactions of Tc(IV) with humic substances.

To understand the key processes affecting 99Tc mobility in the subsurface and help with the remediation of contaminated sites, the binding constants of several humic substances (humic and fulvic acids) with Tc(IV) were determined, using a solvent extraction technique. The novelty of this paper lies in the determination of the binding constants of the complexes formed with the individual species TcO(OH)+ and TcO(OH)2(0). Binding constants were found to be 6.

Person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi community.

An encephalitis outbreak was investigated in Faridpur District, Bangladesh, in April-May 2004 to determine the cause of the outbreak and risk factors for disease. Biologic specimens were tested for Nipah virus. Surfaces were evaluated for Nipah virus contamination by using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).

Characterization of vaginal microbial communities in adult healthy women using cultivation-independent methods.

The normal microbial flora of the vagina plays an important role in preventing genital and urinary tract infections in women. Thus an accurate understanding of the composition and ecology of the ecosystem is important to understanding the aetiology of these diseases. Common wisdom is that lactobacilli dominate the normal vaginal microflora of post-pubertal women.

A novel GT-mismatch binding protein that recognizes strict DNA sequences with high affinity.

Mismatched or damaged base pairs in DNA are mutagenic and both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have a series of repair systems that decrease a spontaneous mutation rate. All exocyclic amino groups of cytosine(C), adenine(A), and guanine(G) contribute to hydrogen bonds for base pairing. High temperature and oxidative stresses increase the deamination of these bases and methylated C.