Low energy shock wave-delivered intravesical botulinum neurotoxin-A potentiates antioxidant genes and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines in rat model of overactive bladder.

Purpose: To study the effect of intravesical instillation of botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) combined with low energy shock wave (LESW) for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in a rat model and to investigate its effect on the associated inflammatory and oxidative stress process.

Material And Methods: Forty rats were subdivided into four equal groups: normal control group, OAB group, LESW group, and BoNT-A plus LESW group. Cystometrogram (CMG) changes and histopathological changes in the bladder mucosa were assessed in the different groups.

Delivery of intravesical botulinum toxin A using low-energy shockwaves in the treatment of overactive bladder: A preliminary clinical study.

: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) instillation in the bladder under the effect of low-energy shockwaves (LESWs) for the treatment of refractory idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). : A preliminary clinical study was conducted, including 15 patients with refractory OAB, between September 2016 and July 2017. Intravesical instillation of 100 IU of BoNT-A was done followed by LESWs (3000 shocks over 10 min) exposure to the supra-pubic area.

3-(Trifluoromethyl)indenyl Cation: Ion Pair Return in the Formation of an Antiaromatic and Electron-Deficient Doubly Destabilized Carbocation.

The solvolysis of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-indenyl tosylate (15) occurs with extensive isomerization to 1-(trifluoromethyl)-3-indenyl tosylate (16), which reacts in a slower process to give the substitution product 17. Kinetic analysis of a model involving an intermediate allyl cation/tosylate ion pair 18 gave a partitioning ratio in CD(3)CO(2)D at 99.6 degrees C for 18 of 7.