Unusual Presentation of Pleural Space Ascariasis Infection from Eastern Sudan: A Case Report.

Background: is a common infectious parasite of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide, but the invasion of the pleural cavity is rare.

Case Report: A 45-year-old man from Eastern Sudan presented to the emergency department complaining of breathlessness, cough stained with blood, and chest pain one month before his presentation. Also, he complained of high-grade fever for two weeks associated with sweating.

Rhabdomyosarcoma or Fibrosarcoma? A Case of Large Ulcerated and Necrotic Lesion on the Forearm of a Newborn.

Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIFS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor. The incidence of fibrosarcoma is estimated to be 0.3 per 100 000 population per year, and it accounts for less than 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas.

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment and its impact on clinical imaging in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of immune-related adverse events.

Background: In the contemporary era of cancer treatment, lung cancer (LC) holds the unenviable position of being the primary contributor to cancer-induced mortality worldwide. Although immunotherapy has expanded the therapeutic landscape for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been accompanied by a concomitant increase in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Timely detection of irAEs is pivotal for efficacious management and enhanced patient outcomes.

Imaging evaluation of lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Immunotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) has attracted attention for lung cancer treatment and recasted the administration of immunotherapeutics to patients who have advanced/metastatic diseases. Whether in combination or as monotherapy, these medications have become common therapies for certain patients with lung cancer. Moreover, their usage is expected to expand widely in the future.

Any day, split halfway: Flexibility in scheduling high-dose cisplatin-A large retrospective review from a high-volume cancer center.

High-dose (HD) cisplatin remains the standard of care with chemoradiation for locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Cooperative group trials mandate bolus-HD (100 mg/m  × 1 day, every 3 weeks) cisplatin administration at the beginning of the week to optimize radiosensitization-a requirement which may be unnecessary. This analysis evaluates the impact of chemotherapy administration day of week (DOW) on outcomes.

Use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests by community health workers in Afghanistan: cluster randomised trial.

Background: The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends parasitological diagnosis of malaria before treatment, but use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) by community health workers (CHWs) has not been fully tested within health services in south and central Asia. mRDTs could allow CHWs to diagnose malaria accurately, improving treatment of febrile illness.

Methods: A cluster randomised trial in community health services was undertaken in Afghanistan.

Cost-effectiveness of malaria diagnosis using rapid diagnostic tests compared to microscopy or clinical symptoms alone in Afghanistan.

Background: Improving access to parasitological diagnosis of malaria is a central strategy for control and elimination of the disease. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are relatively easy to perform and could be used in primary level clinics to increase coverage of diagnostics and improve treatment of malaria.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken of RDT-based diagnosis in public health sector facilities in Afghanistan comparing the societal and health sector costs of RDTs versus microscopy and RDTs versus clinical diagnosis in low and moderate transmission areas.

Substandard antimalarials available in Afghanistan: a case for assessing the quality of drugs in resource poor settings.

Good-quality antimalarials are crucial for the effective treatment and control of malaria. A total of 7,740 individual and packaged tablets, ampoules, and syrups were obtained from 60 randomly selected public (N = 35) and private outlets (N = 25) in Afghanistan. Of these, 134 samples were screened using the Global Pharma Health Fund (GPHF) MiniLab® in Kabul with 33/126 (26%) samples failing the MiniLab® disintegration test.

Rapid diagnostic tests to improve treatment of malaria and other febrile illnesses: patient randomised effectiveness trial in primary care clinics in Afghanistan.

Objective: To assess the impact of rapid diagnostic tests on the diagnostic accuracy and treatment of malaria and non-severe fever in an Asian setting.

Design: Patient randomised trial in primary level clinics.

Setting: Two areas of Afghanistan where Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are endemic; one area with moderate transmission (eastern region) and one with low transmission (northern region).

Overdiagnosis and mistreatment of malaria among febrile patients at primary healthcare level in Afghanistan: observational study.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of malaria diagnosis and treatment at primary level clinics in Afghanistan.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: 22 clinics in two Afghan provinces, one in the north (adjoining Tajikistan) and one in the east (adjoining Pakistan); areas with seasonal transmission of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum.

Hypertension in children with ambiguous genitalia: six cases.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is relatively an uncommon condition, and it is considered a rare event to be associated with hypertension on presentation. In this report we describe six patients with growth acceleration and hypertension occurring in early childhood; three patients had hypertensive encephalopathy. The eldest patient in this report is an 18-year old with a genetic female karyotype reared as male.