Proteinuric and nonproteinuric chronic kidney disease among patients with sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) attending a tertiary hospital in north-eastern Nigeria.

Objective/background: Individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) may manifest various forms of renal abnormalities. Proteinuria is an early marker of renal dysfunction and a strong risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in both patients with SCA and non-SCA population. Currently, the degree of attention given to proteinuric CKD far exceeds that of nonproteinuric CKD, and risk factors that might trigger a progressive decline of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the absence of proteinuria have not been well evaluated in SCA.