Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing, and carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria among hemodialysis patients in a palestinian tertiary care hospital.

The study explores the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (ESBL-GNB) and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in the stool of hemodialysis patients, reflecting a significant concern amid rising antibiotic resistance. This cross-sectional study included 137 outpatients conducted from October to December 2023 at An-Najah National University Hospital. Samples were incubated on appropriate MacConkey-based agar for bacterial analysis, and potential risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression.