Triglyceride-Fasting Glucose Index and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Indians With Normal Body Mass Index.

 Early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is imperative to prevent the complications associated with the disease. Current guidelines for diagnosis rely on the assessment of serum glucose (fasting and post-prandial) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Insulin resistance, a phenomenon associated with T2DM, has been observed before the changes in these metrics.

The prevalence of pneumothorax in human immunodeficiency virus patients. .

Objectives: To assess the prevalence, risk factors, and associated complications of pneumothorax that are present in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at our institution and to provide an updated local study addressing the association between pneumothorax and HIV.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined 161 patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of HIV from June 2017 to May 2022. They were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence of pneumothorax during their stay.

Closed Catheter Drainage for Klebsiella pneumoniae Empyema Necessitans.

Empyema necessitans is a rare complication of pneumonia, which can be seen more frequently with tuberculosis (TB). In this case report, we include a 47-year-old female with empyema necessitans; closed drainage has been sought as a sole treatment based on the clinical presentation and radiological findings of an empyema necessitans. Scarce evidence with regard to adult empyema necessitans with Klebsiella was found in the literature where adult cases were managed exclusively using combination of intravenous (IV) antibiotic and closed drainage, reporting such case can help guiding management for similar presentation.

Tip-Variant Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in a Patient With Primary Hypothyroidism: A Case Report.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS) and one of the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease. Endocrinological abnormalities due to the urinary loss of hormone-binding proteins, such as transient hypothyroidism, are well documented in FSGS. Secondary FSGS can arise due to viral infections, drugs, and pre-existing glomerular diseases.

Granular cell tumor of the bronchus: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Pulmonary granular cell tumor (GCT) is a very rare neoplasm that originates from Schwann cells.

Case Presentation: Our case report describes a symptomatic benign pulmonary GCT found during follow-up CT imaging and was eventually excised with a good outcome.

Clinical Discussion: GCT are mostly benign tumors.

Long-term Outcome following Percutaneous Intervention of Intra-stent Coronary Occlusion and Evaluating the Different Treatment Modalities.

Background: Angioplasty for ISR remains a challenge with relatively high rates of recurrence. Although there is a plethora of data on ISR, there is relatively less data on intra-stent-CTO. In this study, we explore the long-term clinical outcomes following angioplasty to intra-stent CTO and study the differences in clinical outcomes between three treatment-arms: POBA vs.

Indoor transmission dynamics of expired SARS-CoV-2 virus in a model African hospital ward.

Unlabelled: Cough and sneeze droplets' interactions with indoor air of a typical hospital clinic that could be majorly found in developing African countries were studied to investigate the effectiveness of existing guidelines/protocols being adopted in the control of the widespread coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission. The influences of indoor air velocity, the type, size distribution, residence time in air, and trajectory of the droplets, were all considered while interrogating the effectiveness of physical distancing measures, the use of face covers, cautionary activities of the general public, and the plausibility of community spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through airborne transmission. Series of 3-D, coupled, discrete phase models (DPM) were implemented in the numerical studies.

Selected Heavy Metals Removal From Electroplating Wastewater by Purified and Polyhydroxylbutyrate Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Adsorbents.

This research investigated the removal of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Zn) via batch adsorption process from industrial electroplating wastewater using two different nano-adsorbents; purified carbon nanotubes (P-CNTs) and polyhydroxylbutyrate functionalized carbon nanotubes (PHB-CNTs), both produced through catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. HRSEM, HRTEM, XRD, DLS, BET, FTIR, XPS, TGA, pH drift and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the developed nano-adsorbents. In the batch adsorption process, the effects of contact time, dosage, temperature and pH were studied.

Association and gene-gene interaction analyses for polymorphic variants in CTLA-4 and FOXP3 genes: role in susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease.

Purpose: Polymorphic variants of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) genes are implicated in dysregulated immune homeostasis and autoimmune disorders. We analyzed the association between CTLA-4 rs231775 and FOXP3 rs3761548, rs3761549 polymorphisms and predisposition to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), inclusive of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) in South-Indian population.

Methods: A total of 355 AITD subjects (comprising 275 HT and 80 GD) and 285 randomly selected age- and sex-matched control subjects were genotyped for the aforementioned polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP method.

Unusual Malposition of a Chest Tube, Intrathoracic but Extrapleural.

Chest tube malpositioning is reported to be the most common complication associated with tube thoracostomy. Intraparenchymal and intrafissural malpositions are the most commonly reported tube sites. We present a case about a 21-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis who was admitted due to bronchiectasis exacerbation and developed a right-sided pneumothorax for which a chest tube was inserted.

Biomarkers of Prostatic Cancer: An Attempt to Categorize Patients into Prostatic Carcinoma, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, or Prostatitis Based on Serum Prostate Specific Antigen, Prostatic Acid Phosphatase, Calcium, and Phosphorus.

Prostatitis, BPH, and P.Ca are the most frequent pathologies of the prostate gland that are responsible for morbidity in men. Raised levels of PSA are seen in different pathological conditions involving the prostate.

Asymptomatic coronary artery spasm with acute pathological ST elevation on routine ECG: is it common?

Asymptomatic spontaneous coronary artery spasm is rare and there are no case reports in literature presenting with acute ST elevation on routine ECG. We present the case of a 68-year-old Caucasian man who presented to a primary care physician for a routine ECG as part of hypertension follow-up. ECG revealed ST elevation in inferior leads II, III and aVF with reciprocal ST depression in leads I, aVL and also ST depression in anterior leads V1, V2 and V3 suggesting ongoing inferoposterior ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes and risk of diabetic nephropathy in South Indian type 2 diabetic patients.

Aim: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is polygenic, with a vast array of genes contributing to disease susceptibility. Accordingly, we explored the association between DN and six polymorphisms in oxidative stress related genes, namely eNOS, p22phox subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, PARP-1 and XRCC1 in South Indian T2DM subjects.

Methods: The study included 155 T2DM subjects with DN and 162 T2DM patients with no evidence of DN.

A young pregnant woman with spontaneous carotid artery dissection--unknown mechanisms.

Spontaneous carotid artery dissection in pregnancy has not been reported before. We present a case of a 31-year-old Caucasian woman who was 11 weeks pregnant and presented with neck pain, headache, vomiting and left side Horner's syndrome. Subsequent investigations with MR angiography confirmed spontaneous left internal carotid artery dissection.

Association Analysis of Polymorphisms in Genes Related to Oxidative Stress in South Indian Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is polygenic with a multitude of genes contributing to disease susceptibility. The present study aimed at exploring the association between DR and seven polymorphisms in oxidative stress-related genes, i.e.

An unusual intracardiac electrogram showing cause for false electrical discharge from an ICD.

We describe a rare case of inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy due to false sensing of electromechanical interference from diathermy as 'ventricular fibrillation (VF)'. This occurred during surgical removal of sternal wires under general anaesthesia. Postsurgical interrogation of ICD revealed the intracardiac electrogram showing the mechanical interference sensed as 'VF' by ICD and subsequent shock delivery.

Association of FOXP3 (rs3761548) promoter polymorphism with nondermatomal vitiligo: A study from India.

Background: The rs3761548 polymorphism (-3279 C>A) of FOXP3 gene is associated with several autoimmune disorders.

Objective: We sought to determine whether rs3761548 polymorphism is associated with nondermatomal vitiligo in Indian subjects.

Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 303 patients and 305 control subjects and genotyping was done by allele-specific primers.

Arg399Gln polymorphism of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 gene is associated with angiographically documented coronary artery disease in South Indian type 2 diabetic patients.

Aims: DNA damage resulting from oxidative stress contributes significantly to the development and progression of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) individuals, thereby implicating polymorphisms in DNA repair genes in the modulation of DNA repair efficiency. Based on this premise, we explored the association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene Arg399Gln polymorphism, coronary artery disease (CAD), and myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetic patients. We screened 283 T2DM patients, inclusive of 160 with angiographically defined CAD, 73 with MI, 89 without MI, and 121 T2DM individuals with no evidence of CAD for XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism.

Association of the genetic variants of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with angiographically defined coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The polymorphic variants of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and are highly relevant to macroangiopathies. We investigated the relationship between eNOS gene T-786C, G894T, intron 4a/b polymorphisms and coronary artery disease (CAD) in South Indian type 2 diabetic (T2DM) individuals.

Methods: We screened 283 T2DM patients, inclusive of 160 with angiographically defined CAD, 73 with myocardial infarction (MI), 89 without MI and 121 T2DM individuals with no evidence of CAD for eNOS gene polymorphisms.

Relationship between NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T, PARP-1 Val762Ala polymorphisms, angiographically verified coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: There has been compelling evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We analyzed the association of C242T and Val762Ala polymorphisms of NADPH oxidase p22phox and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) genes respectively with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity, myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM patients.

Materials And Methods: We screened 283 T2DM patients, inclusive of 160 with angiographically defined CAD, 73 with and 89 without MI and 121 T2DM individuals with no evidence of CAD for the two gene polymorphisms.

Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism, angiographically defined coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of ACE gene I/D polymorphism on the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients.

Materials And Methods: We screened 283 T2DM patients, inclusive of 160 patients with angiographically defined CAD, 73 patients with MI, 89 patients without MI and 121 T2DM individuals with no evidence of CAD for ACE gene I /D polymorphism.

Analytical method development and validation of prasugrel in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulation using the RP-HPLC method.

Purpose: This study was designed to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, precise, and specific reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of prasugrel in bulk and its tablet dosage forms.

Materials And Methods: The HPLC separation was carried out by reverse phase chromatography on an inertsil ODS-3V column (5 μm; 250 × 4.6mm(2)) with a mobile phase composed of 0.