Nonvirologic algorithms for predicting HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants younger than 12 weeks of age.

Background: Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy has been shown to reduce mortality among perinatally HIV-infected infants, but availability of virologic testing remains limited in many settings.

Methods: We collected cross-sectional data from mother-infant pairs in three primary care clinics in Lusaka, Zambia, to develop predictive models for HIV infection among infants younger than 12 weeks of age. We evaluated algorithm performance for all possible combinations of selected characteristics using an iterative approach.

Early immunologic response and subsequent survival among malnourished adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Urban Zambia.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between early CD4(+) lymphocyte recovery on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent survival among low body mass index (BMI) HIV-1-infected adults.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a large programmatic cohort in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods: We evaluated ART-treated adults enrolled in care for more than 6 months.

Association between weight gain and clinical outcomes among malnourished adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia.

Objective: To describe the association between 6-month weight gain on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent clinical outcomes.

Design: A retrospective analysis of a large programmatic cohort in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods: Using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models, we examined the association between 6-month weight gain and the risk of subsequent death and clinical treatment failure.