Kelch 13-propeller polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum from Jazan region, southwest Saudi Arabia.

Background: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended at the initial phase for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum, to reduce morbidity and mortality in all countries where malaria is endemic. Polymorphism in portions of P. falciparum gene encoding kelch (K13)-propeller domains is associated with delayed parasite clearance after ACT.

Visceral leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: From hundreds of cases to zero.

The kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has succeeded in bringing the reported numbers of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases from hundreds during the 1980s and 1990s to zero case in 2019. The endemicity of VL has been confined mainly to the Southwest regions, namely Jazan and Aseer regions. Leishmania donovani species have been identified as the causative species of VL, while L.

Seroprevalence of dengue fever and the associated sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors in Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, and Jizan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-dengue IgG antibodies in Makkah, Al Madinah, Jeddah, and Jizan; and to identify the associated demographic, clinical, and environmental independent risk factors. A community-based household serosurvey conducted between September 20, 2016 and January 31, 2017. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select 6596 participants from Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, and Jizan.

Stability analysis of a steady state of a model describing Alzheimer's disease and interactions with prion proteins.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neuro-degenerative disease affecting more than 46 million people worldwide in 2015. AD is in part caused by the accumulation of A[Formula: see text] peptides inside the brain. These can aggregate to form insoluble oligomers or fibrils.

Biomechanical Assessment of Restored Mandibular Molar by Endocrown in Comparison to a Glass Fiber Post-Retained Conventional Crown: 3D Finite Element Analysis.

Purpose: To compare equivalent and contact stresses in a mandibular molar restored by all-ceramic crowns through two methods: ceramic endocrowns and ceramic crowns supported by fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts and core, by using 3D finite element analysis during normal masticatory load.

Materials And Methods: Three 3D models of a mandibular first molar were made and labeled as such: intact molar with no restoration (A); ceramic endocrown-restored molar (B); ceramic crown supported by FRC posts and core restored molar (C). By using 3D FE analysis with contact components, normal masticatory load was simulated.

Perceived Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening among Saudi Women at Primary Care Setting.

Background: Screening for breast cancer (BC) is of low rate in Saudi Arabia; although it is provided in the country free of charge to the population. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the perceived barriers towards BC screening in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. It is crucial for increasing the rate of utilization of screening to identify the possible barriers for seeking BC screening in order to enhance early diagnosis and improve outcome.

Impaired steroidogenesis and apoptosis of granulosa-luteal cells in primary culture induced by cis-platinum.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the cytotoxic drug cis-platinum (CP) induces premature ovarian failure by reducing the viability of human granulosa cells.

Study Design: We incubated cultured human granulosa-luteal cells (GLCs) with varying concentrations of CP for 48 hours. Steroidogenesis and apoptosis were assessed by progesterone and estradiol, annexin V/propidium iodide, phase contrast, and transmission electron microscopy.

HDQ, a potent inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation, binds to the quinone reduction site of the cytochrome bc1 complex.

The mitochondrial bc(1) complex is a multisubunit enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c coupled to the vectorial translocation of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex contains two distinct quinone-binding sites, the quinol oxidation site of the bc(1) complex (Q(o)) and the quinone reduction site (Q(i)), located on opposite sides of the membrane within cytochrome b. Inhibitors of the Q(o) site such as atovaquone, active against the bc(1) complex of Plasmodium falciparum, have been developed and formulated as antimalarial drugs.

Cytochrome b mutation Y268S conferring atovaquone resistance phenotype in malaria parasite results in reduced parasite bc1 catalytic turnover and protein expression.

Atovaquone is an anti-malarial drug used in combination with proguanil (e.g. Malarone(TM)) for the curative and prophylactic treatment of malaria.

Glycerol: an unexpected major metabolite of energy metabolism by the human malaria parasite.

Background: Malaria is a global health emergency, and yet our understanding of the energy metabolism of the principle causative agent of this devastating disease, Plasmodium falciparum, remains rather basic. Glucose was shown to be an essential nutritional requirement nearly 100 years ago and since this original observation, much of the current knowledge of Plasmodium energy metabolism is based on early biochemical work, performed using basic analytical techniques (e.g.

Urinary incontinence after continent urinary diversion using cecal wrap or plicated ileum: a patient questionnaire review.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and urodynamic results of a tapered-cecal wrap (TCW) versus a tapered-plicated ileal (TPI) anti-incontinence mechanism.

Methods: Of 54 consecutive patients who had undergone continent urinary diversions, 33 (17 with TCW and 16 with TPI) were evaluated. The primary disease that prompted diversion included bladder cancer (84%), neurogenic bladder (12%), and interstitial cystitis (3%).