Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of the most potent uraemic toxins involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) through the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress. This study assessed the potential benefits of reducing IS concentrations through dialysis treatment to improve renal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. A prospective, observational cohort study of 50 patients with CKD undergoing dialysis treatment was conducted.
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