Reasons and Factors Affecting the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Length of Stay of Full-Term Newborns: A Systematic Review.

There is a significant challenge in predicting the duration of the neonatal hospital length of stay (LOS) due to the complicated factors that affect newborns. Most studies are conducted among pre-term neonates, in which the gestational age is lower than 37 weeks and the birth weight of patients is considered a major risk factor for a prolonged LOS. No previous systematic review of the literature was conducted among the full-term population.

Early Congenital Syphilis Presenting With Severe Congenital Pneumonia and Cutaneous Manifestations in a Neonate at Birth: A Case Report.

Transplacental transmission of spirochetes from an infected mother to the fetus during pregnancy results in the infectious condition known as congenital syphilis (CS). Once a forgotten disease, CS has now re-emerged. We report the clinical case of an early CS in a neonate girl presented with severe congenital pneumonia (pneumonia alba) requiring intubation, along with skin lesions that were visible from birth on the palms and soles of the feet.

Shoulder Pain and Disability Scores and the Factors Influencing Them among Orthopedic Surgeons Working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal pain is common among orthopedic surgeons. Their common musculoskeletal issues include shoulder pain and disability. Many associated factors could lead to this pain and disability; by identifying these, we can prevent orthopedic surgeons' pain and improve their functional capacity.

Comparison of Impairments, Activity Limitations, Balance, and Quality of Life between Patients with and without Meniscus Repair or Partial Meniscectomy Post-ACL Reconstruction.

(1) Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a crucial ligament in the knee joint. This study compares the differences in knee range of motion (ROM), knee proprioception error, balance, function, and quality of life (QOL) among participants with and without meniscus repair or partial meniscectomy nine months post ACL reconstruction. (2) Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 57 male participants were selected through convenience sampling from a tertiary care hospital.

Identification of Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Gene Signature Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Assisted Transcriptomics Analysis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common female cancers. Clinical and histopathological information is collectively used for diagnosis, but is often not precise. We applied machine learning (ML) methods to identify the valuable gene signature model based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for BC diagnosis and prognosis.

Management of Bilateral Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures Post Total Knee Arthroplasty by Kesler Technique Using Fiber Tape.

Total knee arthroplasty is an effective way to manage osteoarthritis patients surgically. However, patients may encounter post-surgical complications, such as quadriceps rupture in rare instances, in addition to surgical complications. In our clinical practice, we encountered a 67-year-old Saudi male patient with a rare bilateral quadriceps rupture two weeks post-total knee arthroplasty.

Low Prevalence of Syndromic Respiratory Tract Infections among Returning Hajj Pilgrims Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Post-Hajj Survey.

This study estimates the point prevalence of symptomatic respiratory tract infections (RTIs) among returned Hajj pilgrims and their contacts in 2021. Using the computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) technique, domestic pilgrims were invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey two weeks after their home return from Hajj. Of 600 pilgrims approached, 79.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is linked with the fat mass obesity (FTO) gene variants rs17817449 and rs1421085 in western Saudi Arabia.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by infertility, obesity, insulin resistance and clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism. Obesity is known to be correlated with PCOS causing ovulatory dysfunction and hormone imbalances. Moreover, fat mass and the obesity gene (FTO) were linked with obesity and PCOS.

Meta-analysis of whole-genome gene expression datasets assessing the effects of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in isogenic disease models.

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 are oncogenic drivers to a variable extent in several tumors, including gliomas, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cholangiocarcinoma, melanoma, and thyroid carcinoma. The pathobiological effects of these mutations vary considerably, impeding the identification of common expression profiles. We performed an expression meta-analysis between IDH-mutant (IDH) and IDH-wild-type (IDH) conditions in six human and mouse isogenic disease models.

Misleading localization by F-fluorocholine PET/CT in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type-3: a case report.

Background: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a heterogeneous autosomal-dominant disorder of calcium hemostasis that may be difficult to distinguish clinically from mild primary hyperparathyroidism. Loss-of-function mutations mainly involving Arg15 residue of the adaptor-related protein complex 2, sigma subunit 1 (AP2S1) cause a rarer, more recently recognized form of FHH, FFH type-3. Recently, F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT) showed superior sensitivity to conventional imaging in localizing parathyroid adenomas.

Gastric wall metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: case report and review of the literature.

A 69-year-old male patient who had a history of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post right hepatectomy presented a year later with iron-deficiency anemia. His anemia work-up included upper endoscopy that revealed multiple gastric polyp a biopsy from the largest demonstrated metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a gastric "polyp" without evidence of local HCC recurrence within the liver.

Genetic relationship between Hashimoto`s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma with coexisting Hashimoto`s thyroiditis.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is present in the background of around 30% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The genetic predisposition effect of this autoimmune condition is not thoroughly understood. We analyzed the microarray expression profiles of 13 HT, eight PTCs with (w/) coexisting HT, six PTCs without (w/o) coexisting HT, six micro PTCs (mPTCs), and three normal thyroid (TN) samples.

Molecular characterisation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma reveals key variants potentially linked to clinical outcomes.

Background: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by frequent recurrence, poor survival with relatively few therapeutic options due to the late diagnosis in many cases.

Objectives: Understanding the molecular pathways underlying OTSCC tumourigenesis and the discovery of diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers.

Methods: We performed high-throughput mutational analysis of 44 OTSCC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cases using the Cancer Hotspots Panel (CHP) v2 on the Ion Torrent™platform.

The Effect Sizes of rs1801282 rs9939609, and rs2229616 Variants on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk among the Western Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common polygenic disease with associated comorbidities. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of T2DM. The aim of this study is to determine the allele and genotype frequency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- () rs1801282 fat mass and obesity-associated protein () rs9939609 and melanocortin 4 receptor () rs2229616 polymorphisms and their association with risk of T2DM in the western Saudi population as mediators of adiposity phenotypes.

Array comparative genomic hybridization based identification of key genetic alterations at 2p21-p16.3 (MSH2, MSH6, EPCAM), 3p23-p14.2 (MLH1), 7p22.1 (PMS2) and 1p34.1-p33 (MUTYH) regions in hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Lynch syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode. Lynch syndrome is caused by impairment of one or more of the various genes (most frequently MLH1 and MSH2) involved in mismatch repair. In this study, whole genome comparative genomic hybridization array (array CGH) based genomic analysis was performed on twelve Saudi Lynch syndrome patients.

Implications of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other biomarkers in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To study the putative effects of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs) and Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methodology: AGEs, AOPPs, e-NOS, lipid profile, circulating stress and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated among fifty cardiovascular patients and fifty controls. Independent student's -test was done for statistical analysis.

Gene mapping and molecular analysis of hereditarynon-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch Syndrome)using systems biological approaches.

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) also known as Lynch Syndrome (LS), is a hereditary form of colorectal cancer (CRC). LSis caused by mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes, mostly in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Identification of these gene mutations is essential to diagnose CRC, especially at a young age to increase the survival rate.

Genomic amplification of chromosome 7 in the Doxorubicin resistant K562 cell line.

Acquisition of multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major hindrance towards the successful treatment of cancers. Over expression of a range of ATP-dependent efflux pumps, particularly ABCB1 is a widely reported mechanism of cancer cell MDR. Approximately 30% acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients demonstrate ABCB1 over expression.

Characterization and Validation of Albiziasaponin-A, Iso-Orientin, and Salvadorin Using a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia, excessive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, formation of neurotoxic amyloid plaque, and tau protein aggregation. Based on literature survey, we have shortlisted three important target proteins (AChE, COX2, and MMP8) implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and 20 different phytocompounds for molecular docking experiments with these three target proteins. The 3D-structures of AChE, COX2, and MMP8 were predicted by homology modeling by MODELLER and the threading approach by using ITASSER.

Implications of Isoprostanes and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Having Potential Role in the Development of Colorectal Cancer in Males.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and leading cause of death worldwide. Major risk factors involved in the development of CRC are increased dietary sources, genetics, and increasing age. Purpose of the study was to find the role of different variables in the progression of CRC.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease Complicated by Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in a Child: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder that commonly presents with a massive lymphadenopathy and a variety of constitutional symptoms. Severe hemolytic anemia is an infrequent complication of this disease. Although the etiology of the condition is unknown, infectious agents including viruses have been implicated.

Proangiogenic Effect of Metformin in Endothelial Cells Is via Upregulation of VEGFR1/2 and Their Signaling under Hyperglycemia-Hypoxia.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity/mortality worldwide. Metformin is the first therapy offering cardioprotection in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic animals with unknown mechanism. We have shown that metformin improves angiogenesis via affecting expression of growth factors/angiogenic inhibitors in CD34⁺ cells under hyperglycemia-hypoxia.