Morphological and genetic demonstration of in dromedary camels.

Background: is one of the most important parasites, which infests the upper respiratory tract of camels leading to deteriorating health effects, substantial economic losses, and even death.

Aim: This study aimed to detect the prevalence rate of in slaughtered camels, determining its morphology using the electron microscope, and confirming its species by molecular phylogeny.

Methods: A total of 200 slaughtered camels at different areas in Al Muthanna province (Iraq) were inspected visually to collect the parasite samples that were identified initially based on their morphological characteristics.

Association of the Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (Mn-SOD) Gene C47T Polymorphism with Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association between manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene C47 T polymorphism and the risk of malignant lung cancer in Iraqi smokers.

Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 260 lung cancer patients (88 females and 172 males) and 295 healthy individuals (91 females and 204 males). DNA was extracted from blood samples and the SOD2 gene was amplified using specific primers.

A novel modelling and experimental technique to predict and measure tissue temperature during CO2 laser stimuli for human pain studies.

Laser nerve stimulation is now accepted as one of the preferred methods for applying painful stimuli to human skin during pain studies. One of the main concerns, however, is thermal damage to the skin. We present recent work based on using a CO2 laser with a remote infrared (IR) temperature sensor as a feedback system.