Daily rhythm of rumination in the goat (Capra hircus) is not driven by feeding.

Rumination shows a nocturnal rhythmic pattern in day-active ruminants. Although feeding has been shown to quantitatively modulate rumination, it is not clear yet if feeding rhythm plays a causal role in rumination rhythm. The present study was carried out to determine whether the daily rhythm of rumination in goats under natural environmental conditions is food-dependent or not, and whether it is modulated by the season.

Sleep in the dromedary camel: features of the 'first night effect'.

The 'first night effect' (FNE) is a well-known phenomenon in polysomnographic (PSG) sleep studies, resulting in significant variations in the macrostructure of wakefulness and sleep states, particularly between the initial and subsequent sleep recording sessions. The FNE phenomenon during sleep has been studied in various species, revealing complex variations between several sessions of sleep recording. The present study used a non-invasive PSG method to examine differences between various vigilance states in four adult female dromedary camels during 4 consecutive nights and days of sleep recording.

Sleep pattern in the dromedary camel: a behavioral and polysomnography study.

Study Objectives: To investigate sleep patterns in the camel by combining behavioral and polysomnography (PSG) methods.

Methods: A noninvasive PSG study was conducted over four nights on four animals. Additionally, video recordings were used to monitor the sleep behaviors associated with different vigilance states.