Non-Prescription Antibiotics Use and Associated Factors Among Drug Retail Outlets in Ambo, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To assess the non-prescription use of antibiotics and associated factors in Ambo Town, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design supported with the qualitative study was conducted in Ambo Town from February 1 to March 1, 2020. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview guide questions.

Association of Diet Quality and Food Insecurity with Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Adults.

Background: The link between diet quality, food insecurity (FI), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear in obese adults. The aim of this study was to examine the association of diet quality and FI with MetS in obese Iranian adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 obese adults.

The rise of deep learning and transformations in bioactivity prediction power of molecular modeling tools.

The search and design for the better use of bioactive compounds are used in many experiments to best mimic compounds' functions in the human body. However, finding a cost-effective and timesaving approach is a top priority in different disciplines. Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) and particularly deep learning (DL) methods are widely applied to improve the precision and accuracy of models used in the drug discovery process.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management and Treatment Outcome at Medical Ward of Shashemene Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common and yet potentially life-threatening acute complication of diabetes that progresses rapidly to death and requires immediate medical intervention.

Objective: To assess the DKA management and treatment outcome/in-hospital mortality and its predictors among hospitalized patients with DKA at the Medical ward of Shashemene Referral Hospital (SRH).

Method: A retrospective study was conducted at the Medical Ward of SRH from 01 February 2015 to 31 January 2017.

Developing Novel Anticancer Drugs for Targeted Populations: An Update.

Background: Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, the rate of opportunity to get new, safe and efficacious drugs for the targeted population, including pediatric patients with cancer, becomes sluggish.

Objectives: This paper discusses the development of novel anticancer drugs focusing on the identification and selection of targeted anticancer drug development for the targeted population.

Methods: Information presented in this review was obtained from different databases, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE.

In vivo Antidiabetic Activity Evaluation of Aqueous and 80% Methanolic Extracts of Leaves of (Lamiaceae) in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus disorder characterized by increase in serum glucose level as a result of change in fat, protein metabolism, and carbohydrate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf extract of on blood glucose levels.

Methods: The aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of leaves were prepared.

Ochratoxin A-induced genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms lead to Alzheimer disease: its modulation with strategies.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin mostly found in food items including grains and coffee beans. It induces DNA single-strand breaks and has been considered to be carcinogenic. It is recognized as a serious threat to reproductive health both in males and females.

The antidiabetic and antilipidemic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is a woody-based subshrub of the Malvaceae family which has various uses in traditional medicine. This review systematically evaluates the evidence from clinical trials on the antidiabetic activity of HS. A random-effects model was used to obtain summary estimates.

The antidiabetic effect of thymoquinone: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.

Thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzo-1, 4-quinone) (TQ) is a quinone derivative with a yellow crystalline appearance, abundantly found in black cumin, Nigella sativa L. TQ has diverse pharmacological properties. The aim of this systematic review on the antidiabetic effects of TQ is to evaluate the currently available evidence and conduct meta-analysis.

Study on the Interaction of 1,5-diaryl Pyrrole Derivatives with α- glucosidase; Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Kinetic Study.

Background: The delaying of absorption of glucose is one of the principal therapeutic approaches of type 2 diabetes. α-glucosidase inhibitors compete with the α-glucosidase enzyme activity, which helps to reduce the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose and thereby control the postprandial hyperglycemia incidence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of novel 1,5-diphenyl pyrrole derivatives and evaluate their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

Coumarin-based Scaffold as α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity: Implication for the Development of Potent Antidiabetic Agents.

Background: Delaying the absorption of glucose through α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition is one of the therapeutic approaches in the management of Type 2 diabetes, which can reduce the incidence of postprandial hyperglycemia. The existence of chronic postprandial hyperglycemia impaired the endogenous antioxidant defense by inducing oxidative stress-induced pancreatic β-cell destruction through uncontrolled generation of free radicals such as ROS, which in turn, leads to various macrovascular and microvascular complications. The currently available α -glucosidase inhibitors, for instance, acarbose, have some side effects such as hypoglycemia at higher doses, liver problems, meteorism, diarrhea, and lactic acidosis.

Magnitude and determinants of complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aim: Concurrent estimates on the magnitude and evidence on the determinants of complementary feeding (CF) practices in Ethiopia are currently disparate. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the magnitude and determinants of CF among children age 6-23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods: Studies from various databases published until July 2018 were identified, selected, extracted and assessed for risk of bias by two authors independently.

The association between diet quality and obesity-related metabolic risks.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary quality measured by inflammatory potential of a diet and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and obesity-related metabolic risks in a representative sample of Iranian obese adults.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 obese adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

The antioxidant components of milk and their role in processing, ripening, and storage: Functional food.

The current rate of population growth is so fast that, to feed this massive population, a 2-fold increase in land is required for the production of quality food. Improved dietary products such as milk and its products with antioxidant properties and functional foods of animal origin have been utilized to prevent chronic diseases. The designer milk contains low fat and less lactose, more protein, modified level of fatty acids, and desired amino acid profiles.

Antidiabetic effect of quercetin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.

Quercetin is a plant polyphenol with biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective and anti-allergic. The objective of this review is to provide a systematic evaluation of the evidence and a meta-analysis of data from previously published researches on the antidiabetic action of quercetin. A comprehensive literature search was conducted between July 2018 and August 2018 on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sciences and Scopus databases.

Herbal Immunomodulators - A Remedial Panacea for Designing and Developing Effective Drugs and Medicines: Current Scenario and Future Prospects.

Background: Constant exposure to various stressors, such as immune pressure, rapidly increasing population, deleterious changes in the ecosystem, climate change, infection with emerging and re-emerging pathogens, and fast-paced lifestyle, is a critical factor in the globally increasing incidences of immunocompromising health conditions, as well as stress. Synthetic chemotherapeutic agents, which are widely available in the commercial market, may be highly efficacious, but most are immunosuppressive and exert many side effects.

Methods: Herein, we comprehensively reviewed current literature from various scientific databases such as Bentham Science, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer, etc.

Channel as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence and Controversies.

In 2015, non-communicable diseases accounted for 39.5 million (70%) of the total 56.4 million deaths that occurred globally, of which 17.

Microalgae as a source of high-value bioactive compounds.

Microalgae are one of the oldest microorganisms, that grow in various hostile environments, ranging from deserts to Antarctica. The microalgae sustain life in such harsh environments through generation of secondary metabolites. Microalgae biosynthesize a large number of diverse bioactive metabolites with activities on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases.