Molecular Insights into Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pathobiology: Dissecting the Interplay between Cellular Innate Immunity and Immune Evasion.

In December 2019, outbreak of a novel coronavirus flared in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, China. The identified pathogen was an enveloped RNA betacoronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), because the continual spread of this deadly and highly infectious virus is a health emergency for all world nations.

Laparoscopic nephrectomy - Pfannenstiel or expanded port site specimen extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To anaylse the current evidence regarding the safety, feasibility and advantages of intact specimen extraction via various extraction sites after conventional laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN).

Material And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed identifying studies evaluating outcomes from Pfannenstiel (PFN) versus extended port site (EPS) extraction sites, after conventional laparoscopic nephrectomy/nephroureterectomy (LRN/LNU) and donor nephrectomy (LDN). Outcome measures included procedure duration, incision length, duration of inpatient stay, analgesic requirements, complications and warm ischemia time (for donor nephrectomy cases).