Artificial intelligence in plastic surgery, where do we stand?

Since the pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into several fields and everyday life as well. Healthcare is not an exception. Plastic surgery is a key focus area of this technological revolution, with hundreds of studies and reviews already published on the use of AI in plastics.

Simultaneous recordings of ocular microtremor and microsaccades with a piezoelectric sensor and a video-oculography system.

Our eyes are in continuous motion. Even when we attempt to fix our gaze, we produce so called "fixational eye movements", which include microsaccades, drift, and ocular microtremor (OMT). Microsaccades, the largest and fastest type of fixational eye movement, shift the retinal image from several dozen to several hundred photoreceptors and have equivalent physical characteristics to saccades, only on a smaller scale (Martinez-Conde, Otero-Millan & Macknik, 2013).

Compact portable ocular microtremor sensor: design, development and calibration.

Ocular microtremor (OMT) is a physiological high-frequency (up to 150 Hz) low-amplitude (25-2500 nm peak-to-peak) involuntary motion of the human eye. Recent studies suggest a number of clinical applications for OMT that include monitoring the depth of anesthesia of a patient in surgery, prediction of outcome in coma, and diagnosis of brain stem death. Clinical OMT investigations to date have used mechanical piezoelectric probes or piezoelectric strain gauges that have many drawbacks which arise from the fact that the probe is in contact with the eye.