Impact of cell lysis treatment before saliva metagenomic DNA extraction on the oral microbiome and the associated resistome.

Objectives: The human oral microbiome, a complex ecosystem linked to oral and systemic health, harbors a diverse array of microbial populations, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). As a critical component of the One Health approach to tackle antibiotic resistance, comprehending the oral resistome's composition and diversity is imperative. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of chemical cell lysis treatment using MetaPolyzyme on the detectability of the oral microbiome, resistome, and DNA quality and quantity.

Procedure time and filling quality for bulk-fill base and conventional incremental composite techniques-A randomised controlled in vitro trial.

Objectives: The aims of this randomised controlled laboratory trial were to determine the procedure time and immediate quality (surface porosity and marginal gaps) of fillings placed using the bulk-fill base technique and the conventional incremental technique in simulated clinical settings.

Methods: Forty-two dentists and dental students were randomly allocated to use either the bulk-fill base technique or the conventional incremental technique to fill an identical class II disto-occlusal cavity in a maxillary left first molar typodont tooth. We recorded the time the participants used to fill the cavity and evaluated the surface porosity and marginal gaps on the approximal surfaces of the fillings using a stereomicroscope and specific probes according to the FDI criteria for restoration evaluation.

Antibiotic prescriptions among dentists across Norway and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The prescription of antibiotics in dental practice contributes significantly to the total use of antibiotics in primary healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescription in dental practice during the years 2016-2021 in Norway and their relative contribution to national outpatient consumption and to investigate the influence of age, gender, geographic region, and COVID-19. A further aim was to review differences in prescribing patterns to verify effect of governmental strategies to reduce over-prescribing of antibiotics.

Association between Carbonic Anhydrase VI Gene Copy Number Variations and Dental Caries Experience.

The current study examined the association between the carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) copy number variations (CNVs) and dental caries experience in adults. In total, 202 of 35-72 years old subjects participating in the Lithuanian National Oral Health Survey (LNOHS) agreed to provide saliva samples; thus, their data were included in the current study. Information about sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioural determinants was acquired via the self-administered World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire.

Associations of the activity and concentration of carbonic anhydrase VI with susceptibility to dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: A number of studies have claimed that carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is associated with dental caries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to systematically review and analyze the literature on the association of CA VI (in terms of concentration and activity) with dental caries.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Inverse PCR-based detection reveal novel mobile genetic elements and their associated genes in the human oral metagenome.

The human oral cavity is one of the hotspots harboring multiple mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which are segments of DNA that can move either within bacterial genomes or between bacterial cells that can facilitate the spreading of genetic materials, including antimicrobial resistance genes. It is, therefore, important to investigate genes associated with the MGEs as they have a high probability of dissemination within the bacterial population under selective pressure from human activities. As one-third of oral bacteria are not yet culturable in the laboratory condition, therefore, in this work, it is aimed to detect and identify the genetic contexts of MGEs in the oral cavity through an inverse PCR (IPCR)-based approach on the oral metagenomic.

Intracellular Transposition and Capture of Mobile Genetic Elements following Intercellular Conjugation of Multidrug Resistance Conjugative Plasmids from Clinical Isolates.

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are often associated with antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). They are responsible for intracellular transposition between different replicons and intercellular conjugation and are therefore important agents of ARG dissemination. Detection and characterization of functional MGEs, especially in clinical isolates, would increase our understanding of the underlying pathways of transposition and recombination and allow us to determine interventional strategies to interrupt this process.

Restorative treatment decisions for carious lesions: Do Russian dentists and dental students apply minimal intervention dentistry?

Background: The concept of minimal intervention dentistry (MID) includes both delayed restorative treatment and conservative caries removal, and is now recognised as an evidence-based approach for dental caries management. In order to determine if dental professionals in Russia are incorporating this concept into their clinical practice, we investigated the restorative treatment decisions of Russian dentists and dental students, and the factors associated with these decisions.

Methods: We included 171 general dental practitioners and dental therapists (collectively referred to here as "dentists") from North-West Russia, and 76 dental undergraduate students from the Northern State Medical University in Arkhangelsk (response rate of 11.

Functional screening of a human saliva metagenomic DNA reveal novel resistance genes against sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.

Objective: Many sections of the health care system are facing a major challenge making infectious disease problematic to treat; antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Identification and surveillance of the resistome have been highlighted as one of the strategies to overcome the problem. This study aimed to screen for AMR genes in an oral microbiota, a complex microbial system continuously exposed to antimicrobial agents commonly used in dental practice.

Prevalence, diversity and transferability of the Tn-Tn family ICE in oral streptococci.

: The Tn-Tn family of Integrative Conjugative Elements (ICE) are mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that play a role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The Tn harbors the tetracycline resistance gene (M) and it has been reported in various bacterial species. The increase in the levels of tetracycline resistance among oral streptococci is of great concern primarily due to the abundance of these species in the oral cavity and their ability to act as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes.

Amylase Alpha 1 Gene (AMY1) Copy Number Variation and Dental Caries Experience: A Pilot Study among Adults in Lithuania.

Introduction: Genetic biomarkers have the potential to be used in personalised dentistry for improved prevention and decision-making in caries management. The amylase alpha 1 gene (AMY1) encodes salivary α-amylase and may be one such biomarker. We examined the association between AMY1 copy number variation (CNV) and dental caries experience in adults.

Salivary Oral Microbiome of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Norwegian Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The oral microbiota has been connected to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis through activation of mucosal immunity. The objective of this study was to characterize the salivary oral microbiome associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and correlate it with the disease activity including gingival inflammation.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients with JIA (mean age, 12.

Comparison of antimicrobial prescribing for dental and oral infections in England and Scotland with Norway and Sweden and their relative contribution to national consumption 2010-2016.

Background: Prescribing in dental practice has a relatively small but important contribution to the quantity of antibiotics prescribed in primary care. This study aimed to analyse antibiotic prescribing in dentistry over time (2010-2016) in 4 different Northern European countries and their relative contribution to national outpatients consumption.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the frequency and number of national antibiotic prescriptions written by dentists in England, Scotland, Norway and Sweden.

Determination of copy number and circularization ratio of Tn-Tn family of conjugative transposons in oral streptococci by droplet digital PCR.

Tn916 and Tn1545 are paradigms of a large family of related, broad host range, conjugative transposons that are widely distributed in bacteria and contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Variation in the copy number (CN) of Tn916-Tn1545 elements and the circularization ratio (CR) may play an important role in propagation of ARGs carried by these elements. In this study, the CN and CR of Tn916-Tn1545 elements in oral streptococci were determined using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).

Co-diversification of Core Genomes and PBP5: Evidences of Horizontal Transfer.

Ampicillin resistance has greatly contributed to the recent dramatic increase of a cluster of human adapted lineages (ST17, ST18, and ST78) in hospital-based infections. Changes in the chromosomal gene have been associated with different levels of ampicillin susceptibility, leading to protein variants (designated as PBP5 C-types to keep the nomenclature used in previous works) with diverse degrees of reduction in penicillin affinity. Our goal was to use a comparative genomics approach to evaluate the relationship between the diversity of PBP5 among isolates of different phylogenomic groups as well as to assess the transferability among isolates of disparate clonal lineages.

Antibiotic Prescription Knowledge of Dentists in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Online, Country-wide Survey.

Aim: Dentists are probably contributing to the development of bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics. Campaigns to promote prudent use of antibiotics in dentistry are, thus, needed but require proper identification of dentists' knowledge gaps. The objective here was to comprehensively evaluate antibiotic prescription knowledge of dentists in Saudi Arabia.

Imipenem Treatment Induces Expression of Important Genes and Phenotypes in a Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolate.

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a notorious multidrug-resistant pathogen, and development of novel control measures is of the utmost importance. Understanding the factors that play a role in drug resistance may contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Pili are essential for A.

Fitness costs of various mobile genetic elements in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.

Objectives: To determine the fitness effects of various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis when newly acquired. We also tested the hypothesis that the biological cost of vancomycin resistance plasmids could be mitigated during continuous growth in the laboratory.

Methods: Different MGEs, including two conjugative transposons (CTns) of the Tn916 family (18 and 33 kb), a pathogenicity island (PAI) of 200 kb and vancomycin-resistance (vanA) plasmids (80-200 kb) of various origins and classes, were transferred into common ancestral E.

Characterization of extracellular polymeric matrix, and treatment of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms with DNase I and proteinase K.

Background: Biofilms are organized communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM), often with great phylogenetic variety. Bacteria in the subgingival biofilm are key factors that cause periodontal diseases; among these are the Gram-negative bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The objectives of this study were to characterize the major components of the EPM and to test the effect of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) and proteinase K.

Effect of khat chewing on periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilm from chronic periodontitis patients.

Aims: Existing in vitro and in vivo data suggest that khat may have a favorable effect on periodontal microbiota. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of khat chewing on major periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque samples from subjects with chronic periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: 40 subgingival plaque samples were obtained from periodontitis and healthy sites of 10 khat chewers (40 y median age) and 10 khat non-chewers (37.

Fusobacterium nucleatum enters normal human oral fibroblasts in vitro.

Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum, a commensal opportunistic oral bacterium, is capable of invading gingival epithelial cells, but the entrance into human primary oral fibroblast cells has not been documented. This study evaluated the ability of three strains of F. nucleatum (F.

Bacterial resistance and the dental professionals' role to halt the problem.

Objectives: In the present review, background information on bacterial antibiotic resistance is presented to dental practitioners. The review provides practical advice for dental professionals to combat and halt bacterial resistance.

Data: Antibiotic use over time has led to the emergence of infectious bacteria that are resistant to several antibiotics.

Incidence of antibiotic prescribing in dental practice in Norway and its contribution to national consumption.

Objectives: To assess dentistry-based utilization of the 11 antibiotics prescribed by dentists in Norway and its relative contribution to national outpatient consumption and to determine the relationship between numbers of prescriptions and the consumption of these antibiotics.

Methods: Data on national antibiotic prescriptions by dentists in 2004 and 2005 were used. Consumption of the antibiotics was expressed using WHO defined daily doses (DDDs), DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DIDs) and numbers of prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants (PIDs).

Knowledge of prescribing antimicrobials among Yemeni general dentists.

Objective: Overuse of antimicrobial agents is closely related to an increase in bacterial resistance. A sound knowledge of appropriate prescribing of antimicrobials among health professionals is thus critical in combating the resistance. The objectives of this study were to assess the rationale for and patterns of antimicrobial prescriptions by general dental practitioners in Yemen.

In vitro antimicrobial and resistance-modifying activities of aqueous crude khat extracts against oral microorganisms.

Objectives: To assess antimicrobial activities of aqueous crude khat (Catha edulis) extracts against a panel of oral microorganisms and to test their ability to modify bacterial resistance to tetracycline and penicillin in vitro.

Design: Lyophilized aqueous extracts were prepared from three khat cultivars. The agar dilution method of the NCCLS was used to test the extracts, at concentrations of 20-1.