Preoperative and Intraoperative Spontaneous Scleral Rupture: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Scleral rupture is a rare but significant complication that can occur due to multiple risk factors. In this report, we discuss two instances of scleral perforation that happened during a silicone oil injection and after a peribulbar injection. Our study suggests that prior ocular surgery is a further risk factor for intraoperative scleral rupture, and more investigation is required to identify additional relevant risk factors that weaken the sclera.

Validity of an Ocular Emergency Triage System Compared to the Existing Grading System at the Emergency Unit of a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To assess true ocular emergencies based on the ocular emergency triage system compared to the existing method of serving patients "first come first serve" by attending ophthalmology resident and review the validity of the triage system by ophthalmic subspecialty.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study of validity, new patients attending the ocular emergency department of a tertiary eye hospital in 2021-2022 were examined by ophthalmology resident. The time required for registration, an eye exam, and total time in the emergency unit was determined.

Toxic Keratopathy Induced by Self-Application of Seawater.

To report a case of toxic keratopathy secondary to the self-application of seawater eye drops. A 60-year-old male who presented with unexplained unilateral decrease in vision and corneal thinning. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/400 OD, slit-lamp examination indicated diffuse corneal edema with central thinning, intact sensation, and no vascularization.

Demographic, Clinical Profile and Management Outcomes of Ocular Chemical Injuries in Saudi Children.

Background: Eye injuries in children due to chemicals constitute a medical emergency since they result in severe ocular damage.

Objective: To determine the factors and management outcomes of chemical burns in the eyes of Saudi children. The study was performed at a tertiary eye center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Ocular emergencies visits after corneal transplantation at a tertiary eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of patients with post-keratoplasty complications and their presentation at an emergency center.

Design: Retrospective one-armed cohort study.

Methods: Data were evaluated on patients who underwent corneal grafts in 2019 and presented to an emergency unit.

Ocular Complications Resulting from the Use of Traditional Herbal Medicine in Central Saudi Arabia: A Review.

The present paper reviewed the ocular complications resulting from the use of traditional eye medicine in Central Saudi Arabia. We performed a literature search of the PubMed database using the keywords "traditional medicine," "herbal medicine," "ocular injuries," and "visual impairments," covering all years available for peer-reviewed full-text articles, letters, and review chapters of books. An additional search was performed in Google Scholar.

Bee sting presumed endophthalmitis: a devastating ocular outcome.

Background: To report a rare case of bee sting presumed endophthalmitis that resulted in a devastating ocular outcome.

Case Presentation: A 43-year-old patient presented 24 h after bee sting ocular injury in his left eye. He had a mild inflammatory sign at presentation, and he underwent surgical exploration to rule out a scleral defect, which revealed a sealed defect.

Isolated traumatic optic nerve avulsion in a boy who suffered a horse kick.

We report a case with traumatic avulsion of optic nerve caused by a horse kick in a child that caused loss of vision. Optic nerve avulsion is a rare injury usually associated with maxillofacial structures. Our patient had no light perception in the left eye.

Corneal Thinning Induced by Self-administered Alum Substance: A Case Report and Analysis of the Active Components.

We report a case of severe ocular injury and impaired vision after self-administration of alum. A 56-year-old female administered an alum substance in the left eye and experienced severe corneal thinning, a scar, and decreased vision. The active compounds in the alum substance were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.

Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy After Corneal Cross-linking.

To report a rare case of infectious keratitis after collagen cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus. A 20-year-old male patient underwent CXL for keratoconus in his right eye. Four weeks after the procedure, he reported blurred vision and redness with increasing pain in the treated eye.

Severe bilateral paralimbal sterile infiltrates after photorefractive keratectomy.

This study presents a case report of the clinical presentation and management of a 47-year-old male myope who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and developed bilateral sterile corneal infiltrates at 1 day post-operatively. The patient was successfully treated with aggressive topical antibiotic and topical steroid therapy. The final corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/25 with faint corneal scarring.

Unilateral posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy associated with ipsilateral anisometropic amblyopia.

Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy is typically considered asymptomatic unless visual opacity develops. However, some have suggested that asymmetric disease without visual opacity might be associated with asymmetric refractive error, which would have the potential to be the cause of amblyopia in young children. In support of this concept, a case of unilateral posterior polymorphous dystrophy with ipsilateral anisometropic amblyopia is reported.

Corneal endothelial cytotoxicity of the Calotropis procera (ushaar) plant.

Purpose: To report 6 eyes of 5 patients with transient corneal edema after exposure to the milky latex of Calotropis procera (ushaar).

Methods: Interventional case series.

Results: Intracorneal penetration of ushaar latex can lead to permanent endothelial cell loss with morphologic alteration.

Initial diagnosis of leprosy in patients treated by an ophthalmologist and confirmation by conventional analysis and polymerase chain reaction.

Purpose: To report the initial diagnosis of leprosy in patients seeking treatment from an ophthalmologist in a tertiary eye care center, its confirmation by histopathologic and polymerase chain reaction analysis, and review of literature.

Design: Noncomparative retrospective case series.

Participants: Patients with no known history of leprosy who were selected based on either a clinical suspicion or a histopathologic diagnosis and were found to have ocular or periocular lesions suggestive of leprosy.