Adapting Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure Management and Kidney Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children in the Saudi Arabian Context Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-ADOLOPMENT Methodology.

This practice guideline was developed by the chronic kidney disease (CKD) Task Force, which was composed of clinical and methodological experts. The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health and its health holding company commissioned this guideline project to support the realization of Vision 2030's health-care transformation pillar. The synthesis of these guidelines was guided by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)- ADOLOPMENT methodology.

Transplant Associated Graft versus Host Disease.

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurs quite often after hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, it is a rare complication after solid organ transplantation and consists of a reaction of donor-derived immune cells directed against host tissues, which is mostly seen in liver, small intestine, and pancreas transplantation. We are presenting a 54-year-old man with a long-standing history of hypertension, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and stage V terminal chronic kidney disease, who was on a regular hemodialysis thrice weekly.

Hepatitis Status and its Effect upon the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Presentations, Associations and Complications.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a high prevalence in Oman. This study aimed to examine the association between CKD and viral hepatitis through an observational cohort study conducted at the Royal Hospital of the Sultanate of Oman to evaluate the relationship of HBV and HCV with CKD. During the study, 233 patients were identified, 112 with chronic HBV (Group 1), 112 with chronic HCV (Group 2), and nine with HBV and HCV coinfection (Group 3).

Late Presentation for Kidney Biopsy: Clinical Presentations and Laboratory Findings.

Although the number of patients reaching end-stage kidney disease without a biopsy- proven diagnosis is increasing, kidney biopsies play a key role in diagnosing kidney disease. We analyzed prospective data from patients with kidney disease who underwent percutaneous native kidney biopsies from January 2006 to December 2017. Demographic data, clinical presentations, and the laboratory and radiological findings at the time of biopsy were analyzed.

Taxonomic Characterizations of Soil DW102 and Its Activity against Fungal Pathogens.

Background: spp. are soil bacteria that have commercial value from which numerous secondary metabolites such as antifungal compounds have been derived. There is growing concern that antifungal resistance is on the rise, and soil from various geographical places might produce novel antifungal molecules.

: achievement, predictors and relationship to mortality in hemodialysis patients in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: results from DOPPS (2012-18).

Background: Dialysis adequacy, as measured by single pool , is an important parameter for assessing hemodialysis (HD) patients' health. Guidelines have recommended of 1.2 as the minimum dose for thrice-weekly HD.

Vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

The study aimed to provide a unique nationwide data and a valuable update on the current situation of vascular calcification (VC) among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study included all patients diagnosed with CKD over a period of one year and six months from September 2015 to February 2017 and underwent dialysis. All analyses were done using IBM-SPSS.

IL-18, VCAM-1 and P-selectin as early biomarkers in normoalbuminuric Type 2 diabetes patients.

To investigate the pathophysiological role of different biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among normoalbuminuric patients with a low-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In this cross-sectional study of 200 normoalbuminuric Type 2 diabetes patients, 28 patients (14%) had a low eGFR. The IL-18, VCAM-1 and P-selectin levels were significantly higher at a low eGFR.

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in murine models: a histological and ultrastructural characterization with immunohistochemistry correlation of glomerular CD44 and WT1 expression.

Aim: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common progressive chronic renal disease. Podocyte injury and loss are the postulated pivotal events that trigger FSGS. In this study, the authors aim to examine the evolution of FSGS in murine models histologically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically with special emphasis on podocytes and parietal epithelial cells (PECs).

Appraising the outcome and complications of peritoneal dialysis patients in self-care peritoneal dialysis and assisted peritoneal dialysis: A 5-year review of a single Saudi center.

Our objective is to study the outcomes and complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD) including comparison of self-care PD with home-care assisted PD during a five-year period. A retrospective study of PD data at King Saud University-affiliated hospital in Riyadh from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013. One hundred and eleven patients were included (female 55%).

Assessment of the diagnostic value of different biomarkers in relation to various stages of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

Albuminuria is widely used to indicate early phases of diabetic nephropathy although it is limited by the fact that structural damage might precede albumin excretion. This necessitates identifying better biomarkers that diagnose or predict diabetic nephropathy. This is a cross-sectional hospital based study recruiting type 2 diabetic patients cohort aged 35-75 years with diabetes duration of ≥10 years.

Mineral bone disorder and its management among hemodialysis patients in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Initial findings from the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (2012-2015).

The prospective cohort Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) initiated data collection in national samples of hemodialysis (HD) units (total of 41 study sites) in all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) in late 2012. Here, we report initial results regarding mineral bone disorders (MBDs) and its management in the GCC countries. Forty-one randomly selected HD facilities, treating >23 HD patients each, were sampled and represent care for >95% of GCC HD patients.

Nutritional status and outcomes in hemodialysis patients from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries enrolled in the dialysis outcome and practice patterns study phase 5 (2012-2015).

Nutrition is an important factor in maintaining good health of hemodialysis (HD) patients, affecting their morbidity and mortality. The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) is an international observational study assessing differences in dialysis practices and outcomes across >20 countries. Here, we present the results for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries regarding nutrition data and its relationship with outcomes as a part of the DOPPS Phase 5 study (2012-2015).

Prognostic significance of C1q deposition in serial biopsies for predicating the long-term outcome in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is characterized by a highly variable clinical course. It has been reported that histopathologic lesions are risk factors for the progression of LN. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship among the co-deposition of C1q, clinicopathological features, and renal outcomes in patients with LN.

The use of Quantiferon-TB gold in-tube test in screening latent tuberculosis among Saudi Arabia dialysis patients.

Background And Aim: Screening for tuberculosis (TB) is a key strategy for controlling infection. This study aimed to detect latent TB among dialysis patients.

Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in King Saud University, Riyadh involving hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients aged ≥18 years.

Glomerular necrotic lesions and long-term outcomes among patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.

Objectives: Although necrotic lesions are common in proliferative lupus nephritis (LN), little is known about the impact of these lesions on outcomes. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of glomerular necrotic lesions on renal outcomes of doubling serum creatinine in patients with class III and IV LN and necrotic lesions.

Methods: 52 patients with ISN/RPS class III or IV LN were enrolled in this retrospective study, with mean follow-up of 7.

Pulmonary hypertension in end-stage renal disease and post renal transplantation patients.

Background: Information regarding lung function parameters and functional capacity in renal failure and post renal transplantation patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with PH who were receiving hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) or who had undergone renal transplantation.

Methods: A prospective study was performed on 116 patients (HD =55, PD =17, and post renal transplantation =44) who underwent Doppler echocardiography.

Do diabetic dialysis patients require more or less of erythropoietin?

Background And Objectives: To evaluate differences in erythropoietin requirements between diabetic and non-diabetic patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Design And Settings: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted between January 2010 and December 2011, at King Khalid University Hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with 47 peritoneal and 57 hemodialysis patients.

Methods: A total of 24 (51%) peritoneal dialysis and 30 (52.

Predictors of quality of life in hemodialysis patients.

Quality of Life (QoL) is a consistent and powerful predictor that affects the out-come in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis. This study was undertaken to identify the factors that might predict QoL scores among ESRD patients on hemodialysis (HD). The study was conducted at three HD units in Saudi Arabia from January 2007 to January 2008.

Quality of life in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background And Objectives: Quality of life (QoL) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is an important outcome for both physicians and patients in selecting dialysis modality. We conducted a comparison between regular maintenance hemodiaylsis and regular peritoneal dialysis patients in two tertiary referral hospitals in King Saud University in Saudi Arabia. We hypothesize that there might be cultural and socioeconomic factors modifying QoL in dialysis patients.

Cytomegalovirus disease in a renal transplant recipient: the importance of pre-transplant screening of the donor and recipient.

A 16-year-old female patient who was born with a single kidney developed chronic kidney disease during her early childhood due to reflux nephropathy and recurrent urinary tract infection. She progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and was commenced on renal replacement therapy in the form of peritoneal dialysis in May 2011. Subsequently, she underwent living unrelated donor kidney transplantation in China.

A systematic review of recent clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis, assessment and management of hypertension.

Background: Despite the availability of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), optimal hypertension control is not achieved in many parts of the world; one of the challenges is the volume of guidelines on this topic and their variable quality. To systematically review the quality, methodology, and consistency of recommendations of recently-developed national CPGs on the diagnosis, assessment and the management of hypertension.

Methodology/principal Findings: MEDLINE, EMBASE, guidelines' websites and Google were searched for CPGs written in English on the general management of hypertension in any clinical setting published between January 2006 and September 2011.

Factors affecting the progression of diabetic nephropathy and its complications: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia.

Background And Objectives: One out of five Saudi diabetics develops end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Factors associated with progressive loss of renal function have not been extensively studied and reported in our community. We sought to evaluate the pattern and progression in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and investigate the potential risk factors associated with progression to diabetic nephropathy (DN) among Saudi patients.