The impact of child-specific characteristics on warfarin dosing requirements.

Background: The influence of child characteristics on warfarin dosing has been reported; however, there is no consensus on the nature and extent of this effect.

Objectives: To investigate the impacts of the demographic and clinical characteristics of children on the warfarin dose required to achieve a therapeutic international normalization ratio (INR).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included children aged 3 months to 14 years old who were prescribed warfarin for 3 months or longer with a "stable INR.

A novel LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative measurement of the acetate content in pharmaceutical peptides.

Most pharmaceutical peptides are supplied as acetate salts and the relative amount of acetate to peptide in the final product is one quality criterion required by regulatory agencies to approve the product for clinical use. The objective of the present study was to develop a validated LC-MS/MS method that allows the quantitative determination of the acetate content in pharmaceutical peptide preparations and simultaneous monitoring and collection of qualitative and quantitative information on the peptide during manufacture and in the final product. The method uses reversed phase C-chromatography to elute the acetate ions under acidic conditions, pH 3, followed by post-column infusion of ammonium hydroxide 0.

Slide tracheoplasty for congenital tracheal stenosis with glottic stenosis.

A 7-month-old child with respiratory distress was diagnosed to have full-length tracheal stenosis with glottic stenosis. Slide tracheoplasty and anterior cricoid split with stenting for glottic stenosis were successfully performed, and the child has completed 5 years of asymptomatic follow-up. This case widens the scope for slide tracheoplasty, and cricoid split with stenting is a feasible procedure for associated glottic stenosis.