Effect of Ultrasound Intensity and Mode on Piroxicam Transport Across Three-Dimensional Skin Equivalent Epiderm™.

Background: Transdermal drug delivery has many advantages compared to other routes. However, the barrier function of the stratum corneum limits the use of the skin as an administrative route for medications. Different methods were investigated to alter the barrier function of the stratum corneum and it was found that applying different ultrasound waves could enhance the skin's permeability.

Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that increases the risk of suboptimal vitamin D levels.

Aim: To determine the effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on disease activity, related immune markers and bone mineral density in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Subjects And Methods: Eighty-one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus aged 20-70 years were recruited for this interventional study.