Cross-border movement, economic development and malaria elimination in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Malaria at international borders presents particular challenges with regards to elimination. International borders share common malaria ecologies, yet neighboring countries are often at different stages of the control-to-elimination pathway. Herein, we present a case study on malaria, and its control, at the border between Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

Trigeminal nerve stimulation triggers oral mast cell activation and vascular permeability.

Background: The nervous system contributes to the pathophysiology of allergic and inflammatory diseases, including oral inflammation. Mast cells (MCs) are involved in their pathogenesis through proinflammatory mediator release.

Objective: To investigate the effect of trigeminal nerve (TN) stimulation compared with sham operation on MC activation and oral vascular permeability in the gingiva, palate, buccal mucosa, and tongue of the rat and to examine the possible role of substance P using rats treated with capsaicin as neonates to deplete substance P.