Minimally invasive retroperitoneal adrenalectomy.

The minimally invasive MI approach has become the gold standard in removing the adrenal gland. Both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal techniques were reported safe and effective. The retroperitoneal approach has the advantage of direct access to the gland, easy access to retrocaval tumors, carries no cardiovascular or pulmonary risk of carbon dioxide insufflation to a high intra-abdominal pressure, and is not affected by previous abdominal surgery or radiation.