Tolerance of some warm-season turfgrasses to compaction under shade and sunlight conditions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

We evaluated the compaction tolerance of some warm-season turfgrasses under shade and sunlight conditions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hybrid bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon, cultivars 'Tifway' and 'Tifsport,' seashore paspalum () and its cultivar 'Sea Isle 2000' were used. The study area was divided into two sections: one was exposed to sunlight and the other was maintained under 70% shade using a green plastic grille.

Antioxidant and Biological Activities of and Natural Populations.

and natural populations growing in Northern Saudi Arabia might be a valuable source of polyphenols with potent biological activities. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), several polyphenols were detected tentatively in considerable amounts in the methanolic leaf extracts of and mainly contained rutoside, hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid and -coumaric acid, whereas those of contained apigenin 5-glucoside, apigetrin and gallic acid. Strong antioxidant activities were found in the leaf extracts of both species due to the presence of hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid, isoquercetin, -coumaric acid, quercitrin and rutoside.